Investigation of the thermal behavior effect of the surrounding material environment on the swirling flame structure

This paper is focusing on the numerical simulation of a swirling flame, resulting from the interaction of multiple fires, evolving in a free and unlimited environment. A typical system, formed by a central fire source surrounded by four heat sources, is used. Since the thermal characteristic of the surrounding sources is the main engine for the rotation of flame, a detailed study is performed by varying the heating flux of these sources. This study shows that an increase of the heating flux of surrounding sources has as a result an intensification of the penetrating air puffs through the openings between the surrounding four heat sources. These puffs tangentially drive the central flame, thus producing a marked improvement on the angular momentum. Moreover, this study shows that the flame height is strongly affected by the flame rotation. Moreover, two different aspects of the flame height evolution are observed from the flow visualization and the thermal and dynamic fields for the different cases studied.     

Evaluation of standard and real fire exposures on thermal response of rail car floor assembly

This work developed a computational methodology to evaluate and compare standard fire exposures such as those outlined in ASTM E119 with real fire exposures and determine the difference in the temperature rise of a rail car floor assembly. The real fire exposures simulated in this work were identified in a review of incidents and consisted of a constantly-fed diesel fuel spill, a localized trash fire, and a gasoline spill simulated from a collision of the railcar with an automobile. These realistic fire exposures were applied to a variety of exemplar rail cars representative of single-level and bi-level passenger cars. These floor assembly models exposed to realistic fires were simulated in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The thermal exposure at the underside of railcar provided by FDS was coupled with a thermal model in ABAQUS, which provided the evolution of temperature in different components of the floor assembly. The standard scenarios were simulated for 2 hours instead of the typical 30 minutes to identify the appropriate exposure duration in ASTM E119, which can better represent a real fire scenario. The average and maximum temperatures predicted at the unexposed surface for both scenarios were compared with the threshold values given in NFPA 130.     

Uncertainty analysis and robust control of fuel delivery systems considering nitrogen crossover phenomenon

In this paper, the fuel delivery subsystem (FDS) with hydrogen recirculation and anode bleeding is applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, which is utilized to supply hydrogen to the anode of stack and recirculate fuel back to the supply line. As the diffusion of nitrogen from cathode to anode is inevitable in a real PEMFC during long-term operation. To prevent system performance decline due to nitrogen accumulation. Therefore, this paper firstly develops a control-oriented nonlinear dynamic FDS model involving gas diffusion. Additionally, the FDS is very sensitive to operating environment, uncontrolled operation conditions may cause stack degradation. Specifically, a method based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to identify the key parameter boundaries. Then the gas distribution in FDS due to nitrogen crossover is analyzed in detail. After this, a hybrid robust methodology based on sliding mode algorithm is also proposed to maintain adequate hydrogen pressure supply, suitable hydrogen and nitrogen content in the system in presence of nitrogen crossover and renewed uncertainties. Finally, the performance of the presented controller is compared with nonlinear PID (NPID) control and nonlinear multi-input-multi-output (NMIMO) control through a hardware-in-the-loop test bench. Experimental results show that the hybrid controller is accurate and suitable for control purpose, the nitrogen content is restricted to the given range and the variation of output voltage is limited to the desired boundaries, the feasibility and effectiveness are validated.     

FDS场模拟计算中的网格分析

基于场模拟的火灾动力学模型（FDS）中网格的划分直接影响到计算结果的误差，甚至关系到计算结果的正确性。运用FDS对相同计算区域内的4种不同网格划分情况分别进行数值模拟，比较不同网格尺寸对计算结果的影响，从而对FDS的网格划分问题得到进一步的认识。     

基于FDS及PDC方法的油纸绝缘水分含量研究

分别采用频域介电谱法和极化去极化电流法对不同温度和水分的油浸纸介电性能和电导率进行了研究,依据Arrhenius公式得到了电导率自然对数lnγ与绝对温度的倒数1/T线性分布关系式。     

建筑室外平台对烟气蔓延的抑制作用

某城市广场利用外庭平台结构,将商业综合体的人员疏散同城市交通换乘相结合解决疏散问题。对其火灾时室外平台区域的烟气蔓延情况进行研究,利用FDS分别模拟楼层高度与室外平台宽度的不同比例对于烟气蔓延的影响,分析了烟气温度,能见度水平等主要安全指标,得出楼层高度与室外平台宽度比例在1∶0.6～1∶0.8之间时能较好地保障平台区域的人员疏散。并建议对室外平台同建筑的商业区域进行防火分隔,防止烟气蔓延到外庭区域。     

室外风对火焰特征影响的数值模拟研究

为研究高层建筑或超高层建筑中室外风在玻璃破碎后对火焰特征的影响,运用FDS数值模拟方法,对风速为0～24m/s的17个自由燃烧算例进行了模拟研究,拟合了适用于较大室外风速条件下的火焰长度及其倾角计算公式,并与Dfaveri模型、Drysdale模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:室外风速增大会使火焰长度及其向上风向倾斜的角度减小,但会使火焰向下风向倾斜的角度增大。     

三坊七巷古建筑改建商用场所消防安全分析

利用FDS和Building EXODUS软件实例分析了某三坊七巷历史文化街区古建筑中改建的某商用场所(聚春园驿馆)的消防安全性能,模拟烟气运动过程得到人员可用安全疏散时间,模拟人员运动疏散过程得到人员必需疏散时间,验证场所的消防安全性,并提出类似场所消防管理的改进建议,对类似场所的消防审批和监管提供参考.     

火墙式火炕内烟气流动特性数值模拟分析

对比火墙式火炕和传统火炕内部烟气流动特性、烟气温度分布、炕面温度分布,分析两种炕体结构的热工性能,并为农村火炕的进一步优化设计提供理论依据。利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS5．3应用大涡模拟方法的场模型、辐射模型模拟分析传统火炕和火墙式火炕的炕面温度、炕内烟气温度分布与烟气流动特性,得到相关云图和温度分布。火墙式火炕的炕面温度比传统型火炕炕面温度高10℃左右,向室内散热量大,在炕火墙和灶同时工作时,炕头中心温度达到85℃。火墙式火炕的炕体结构优于传统火炕,但仍然存在炕头过热的问题,有待进一步优化。