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1.
In this work, the SnS2 nanoflowers (SnS2 NFs) were solvothermally prepared in the solvent of ethanol, while SnS2 nanoplates (SnS2 NPs) were obtained through the identical conditions except for the solvent of water. The flowers were assembled with numerous nanosheets with very thin thickness, and the NPs exhibited hexagonal shape. When used as the battery-type electrode material for supercapacitors, the SnS2 NFs delivered a specific capacity of as high as 264.4 C g?1 at 1 A g?1, which was higher than the 201.6 C g?1 of SnS2 NPs. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) was assembled with the SnS2 as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode, respectively. The SnS2 NFs//AC HSC exhibited a high energy density of 28.1 Wh kg?1 at 904.3 W kg?1, which was higher than the 24.2 Wh kg?1 at 844.3 W kg?1 of SnS2 NPs//AC HSC. Especially, when the power density was enhanced to the highest value of 8666.8 W kg?1, the NFs-based device could still hold 20.4 Wh kg?1. In addition, both HSC devices showed an excellent cycling stability after 5000 cycles at 5 A g?1. The present method is simple and can be extended to the preparation of other transition metal sulfides (TMSs)-based electrode materials with brilliant electrochemical performance for supercapacitors.  相似文献   
2.
In order to improve the power generation efficiency of fuel cell systems employing liquid fuels, a hybrid system consisting of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is proposed. Utilize the high temperature heat generated by SOFC to reform as much methanol as possible to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. When SOFC has a stable output of 100 kW, the amount of hydrogen after reforming is changed by changing the methanol flow rate. Three hybrid systems are proposed to compare and select the best system process suitable for different situations. The results show that the combined combustion system has the highest power generation, which can reach 350 kW and the total electrical efficiency is 57%. When the power of the tail gas preheating system is 160 kW, the electrical efficiency can reach 75%. The PEM water preheating system has the most balanced performance, with the electric power of 300 kW and the efficiency of 66%.  相似文献   
3.
This paper presents an experimental study on reduced-scale model tests of geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments with modular block facing, full-height panel facing, and geosynthetic wrapped facing to investigate the influence of facing conditions on the load bearing behavior. The GRS abutment models were constructed using sand backfill and geogrid reinforcement. Test results indicate that footing settlements and facing displacements under the same applied vertical stress generally increase from full-height panel facing abutment, to modular block facing abutment, to geosynthetic wrapped facing abutment. Measured incremental vertical and lateral soil stresses for the two GRS abutments with flexible facing are generally similar, while the GRS abutment with rigid facing has larger stresses. For the GRS abutments with flexible facing, maximum reinforcement tensile strain in each layer typically occurs under the footing for the upper reinforcement layers and near the facing connections for the lower layers. For the full-height panel facing abutment, maximum reinforcement tensile strains generally occur near the facing connections.  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):4710-4721
In this study, AA5083 sheets were reinforced with four different hybrid nanoparticles by friction stir processing (FSP) for the development of surface nanocomposites used in advanced engineering applications. The present research focused on improving the properties and tribological behaviour of AA5083 alloy surfaces, including novel hybrid nanoparticles and the intermetallic phase formed during FSP. A tribometer tester with a constant normal load was used to examine the tribological performance of the hybrid composites. After the wear test, a surface profiler inspector was used to analyse the morphology and surface roughness of the examined materials. The Vickers micro-hardness of the base metal and the manufactured composites were measured. During FSP, a new intermetallic phase of AlV3 was successfully formed at 300–400 °C in the hybrid nanocomposites containing VC particles. The reinforcements resulted in additional grain refining than FSP. The AA5083/Ta2C–Al2O3 exhibited the greatest grain refinement, a sixty-fold reduction in grain size compared to that of the base alloy. The results revealed that the hybrid nanocomposites containing VC particles demonstrated the most significant microhardness values inside the stirred zone as a result of the presence of the AlV3 phase, which was increased by 25–30%. Moreover, the mechanical properties were significantly improved for all manufactured nanocomposites. The tensile strength was increased by 28% through the hybridisation of AA5083 using a hybrid of VC-GNPs. The dispersion of Ta2C-GNPs and VC-GNPs in the matrix led to excellent interfacial adhesion, resulting in an enhancement in the mechanical properties. The AA5083/VC-GNPs surface composite outperformed other manufactured composites regarding wear resistance. In addition, due to GNPs soft nature, it reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) of the manufactured composites by 20–25% compared to other reinforcements.  相似文献   
5.
Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability are two important properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Particularly, defects in the perovskite films could cause the generation of trap states, thereby increasing the nonradiative recombination. To address this issue, suitable dopants can be incorporated to react with non-bonded atoms or surface dangling bonds to passivate the defects. Herein, we introduced TiI4 into CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film and obtained a dense and uniform morphology with large crystal grains and low defect density. The champion cell based on 0.5% TiI4-doped MAPbI3 achieved a PCE as high as 20.55%, which is superior to those based on pristine MAPbI3 (17.64%). Moreover, the optimal solar cell showed remarkable stability without encapsulation. It retained 88.03% of its initial PCE after 300 h of storage in ambient. This work demonstrates TiI4 as a new and effective passivator for MAPbI3 film.  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(21):29598-29606
A hybrid nanocomposite comprising nanosized ZrO2 and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced Cu matrix was synthesised via powder metallurgy. The influence of sintering temperature and GNP content on the electrical and mechanical behaviour of the Cu–ZrO2/GNP nanocomposite was investigated. The ZrO2 concentration was fixed at 10% for all the composites. Upon increasing the GNP concentration up to 0.5%, a significant improvement was observed in the compressive strength, microhardness, and electrical conductivity of the composite. Furthermore, the properties were significantly improved by increasing the sintering temperature from 900 to 1000 °C. The compressive strength, hardness, and electrical conductivity of Cu–10%ZrO2/0.5%GNP were higher than those of the Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposite by 60, 21, and 23.8%, respectively. This improvement in the mechanical properties is because of the decrease in the crystallite size and dislocation spacing, which increases the dislocation density, thereby increasing the impedance towards dislocation movement. The lower stacking fault energy of the hybrid nanocomposites enables easier electron transfer within and between the Cu grains, resulting in an improved electrical conductivity. The enhancement in strength and electrical conductivity were aided by the GNPs and ZrO2 nanoparticles that were dispersed widely in the Cu matrix.  相似文献   
7.
8.
为了研究BFRP筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能,进行了不同配筋率和不同配筋形式BFRP筋混凝土梁的四点弯曲试验,分析了试件的跨中挠度、抗弯承载力和裂缝分布规律。结果表明:BFRP筋混凝土梁的弯矩-挠度曲线表现出试件开裂、峰值弯矩为转折点的三折线特征;BFRP筋与钢筋混合配筋梁的弯矩-挠度曲线表现出试件开裂、钢筋屈服和峰值弯矩为转折点的四折线特征;BFRP筋与钢筋混合配筋能提高钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力,减小BFRP筋混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝宽度,同时发挥BFRP筋强度高的特点;BFRP筋与钢筋混合配筋梁符合平截面假定,并给出了正截面抗弯承载力计算公式。  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):25020-25033
Herein, we have developed a novel hybrid material based on NiCo2S4 (NCS), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and carbon as promising electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs). Firstly, mesoporous NCS nanoflakes were prepared by co-precipitation method followed by physically mixing with HNTs and carbon, and screen printed on nickel foam. After ultrasonication, a uniform distribution of the Carbon/HNTs complex was observed, which was confirmed by surface morphological analysis. When used as electrode material, the NCS/HNTs/C hybrid displayed a maximum specific capacity of 544 mAh g?1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s?1. Later, a solid-state hybrid SCs was fabricated using activated carbon (AC) as the negative and NCS/HNTs/C as the positive electrode (NCS/HNTs/C//AC). The device delivers a high energy density of 42.66 Wh kg?1 at a power density of 8.36 kW kg?1. In addition, the device demonstrates long-term cycling stability. Furthermore, the optimized NCS, NCS/HNTs, and NCS/HNTs/C nanocomposites also presented superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of 201, 169, and 116 mV in the acidic bath at a current density of 10 mA cm?2, respectively. Thus, the synthesis of NCS/HNTs/C nanocomposite as positive electrodes for hybrid SCs opens new opportunities for the development of next-generation high energy density SCs.  相似文献   
10.
The following work treat the prediction of the production rate and purity level of hydrogen produced by an alkaline electrolyzer fed by a renewable source in a hybrid energy system HES in the locality of Adrar in the south of Algeria. This work is made for different renewable energy penetration rate from 0% to 60% of conventional power (Genset generator). The cell electrolyzer model permits to predict the production rate of hydrogen with accuracy, according to operating parameters, climatic conditions and the load of the site of Adrar. The study permits to introduce a model of hydrogen purity level based on the operating parameters and the power supplying the alkaline electrolyzer. It also shows that the great influence of the intermittent energy supplying the electrolyzer on the production rate and purity level of hydrogen. The prediction of production rate and purity level by the models allow to obtain a distribution and storage of hydrogen produced according to predetermined selection criteria imposed by the operator.In the process of electrolysis, the oxygen is considered as by-product of the hydrogen production. The amount and purity level were estimated jointly.An HES-H2 production program under MATLAB®/SIMULINK® has been developed to simulate the hourly evolution of the production rate and purity level of hydrogen and oxygen produced by an electrolyzer for different penetration rate of renewable energies in an HES.  相似文献   
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