Core–shell NTC materials with low thermal constant and high resistivity for wide-temperature thermistor ceramics

Core–shell structures have been proposed to improve the electrical properties of negative-temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor ceramics. In this work, Al₂O₃-modified Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄ NTC thermistor ceramics with adjustable electrical properties were prepared through citrate-chelation followed by conventional sintering. Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄ powder was coated with a thin Al₂O₃ shell layer to form a core–shell structure. Resistivity (ρ) increased rapidly with increasing thickness of the Al₂O₃ layer, and the thermal constant (B) varied moderately between 3706 and 3846 K. In particular, Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ ceramic with 0.08 wt% Al₂O₃ showed the increase of ρ double, and the change in its B was less than 140 K. The Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ NTC ceramics showed high stability, and their grain size was relatively uniform due to the protection offered by the shell. The aging coefficient of the ceramic was less than 0.2% after aging for 500 hours at 125°C. Taken together, the results indicate that as-prepared Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ NTC ceramics with a core–shell structure may be promising candidates for application as wide-temperature NTC thermistor ceramics.     

Novel thermal-sensitive properties of NBT-BZT composite ceramics for high-temperature NTC thermistors

We found for the first time that (1 − x) Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-xBiZn_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ (NBT–BZT) composite ceramics showed negative temperature coefficient (NTC) at a high temperature. The NBT–BZT nanopowders were successfully prepared by Pechini method. Their ceramics were sintered at 1100°C. The NBT–BZT ceramic exhibited a good linear relationship between logarithm of electrical resistivity (Inρ) and reciprocal of absolute temperature (1000/T) at 250°C–1050°C. The obtained ρ₆₀₀, ρ₉₀₀, and B_600/900 constants of the NBT–ZBT NTC thermistors are approximately 5.92 × 10⁶ to 3.01 × 10⁴ Ω cm, 7.03 × 10³ to 7.60 × 10² Ω cm and 2.3 × 10⁴-1.3 × 10⁴ K, respectively. The electrical characteristics can be tuned to the desired value by changing the Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ content in the compound. The electrical conductivity in these compounds is due to the electron jumps between Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ and oxygen-ion conductivity. Results demonstrate a tremendous potential of the studied system for perovskite materials with NTC performance.     

ZnLiFeO_3高温热敏厚膜材料的研究

ＺｎＬｉＦｅＯ３（ＺＬＦ）高温ＮＴＣ热敏厚膜材料，是以尖晶石结构的ＺｎＬｉＦｅＯ３导电陶瓷作厚膜浆料的导电相，以Ａｌ２Ｏ３瓷为基体，用厚膜工艺制成的。实验表明，在氮气中烧结的ＺＬＦ厚膜材料，室温方阻１０３Ω／□级，Ｂ值约１０００Ｋ。在高温５００～７００℃范围内，方阻降为１０２Ω／□级，Ｂ值仍小于１０００Ｋ。是一种很有前途的高温热敏材料。     

新型NTC热敏电阻材料—含铜Mn系铁氧体的研究

研究了含铜Mn系铁氧体的阻温特性,目的是用廉价的铁氧体取代价格昂贵的、传统的Mn Ni Co氧化物、负温度系数热敏电阻。通过Cu~(2+)离子取代Fe~(2+)离子或Mn~(2+)离子,及改变淬火工艺,可以改变Mn系铁氧体整体电阻率ρ和材料参数B,得到可与传统氧化物器件相比拟的性能。     

LaCrMnNiO系热敏陶瓷的微观结构控制

通过对不同配方、工艺下的ＬａＣｒＭｎＮｉＯ系热敏陶瓷的微观结构研究，指出材料的相组成对其宏观电性能的影响，并提出了通过复合工艺利用“过渡相”的形成，对材料的“最终相”加以控制的方法。文中列出了使用ＸＲＤ及ＸＰＳ手段对材料微观结构的分析结果及有关电性能的测试数据。     

热敏电缆在拉拔减径工艺过程中的性能变化

在拉拔减径工艺的初始阶段，装填于热敏电缆中的氧化物陶瓷热敏材料粉的体积将发生收缩，随后体积不再发生变化。对于不经过热处理的样品，理论分析和实验结果表明，体积收缩停止后，其每米电阻值不随尺寸变化而改变。由于安装等因素引起的芯线电极的位置偏差不公带来样品电阻较大的变化。对于经过热处理的样品，其电阻值在热处理前后及拉拔减径过程中都有较大的变化（可达几个数量级），变化规律较为紊乱。实验分析发现，热处理后的     

TiO_2粉体性能对PTC热敏电阻性能的影响

ＴｉＯ_２的纯度、粒度及粒形对ＢａＴｉＯ_３系ＰＴＣＲ的性能影响很大，对所用ＴｉＯ_２加以选择非常重要，国产和日本产ＴｉＯ_２原料在粉体性能上存在差异。     

金属PTC陶瓷复合材料结构及其导电机理

研究了金属ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料的电学性能和其材料组分。结果表明，掺入金属的ＰＴＣ陶瓷材料经氮气中烧结，然后在空气中进行热处理，材料表面形成高势垒层，金属ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料的室温电阻较ＰＴＣ的陶瓷高。样品之中存在大量不同类型的极化，在低温时样品电阻较高，温度增加后，大量各种类型离子极化出现，在变价金属铁的变价导电作用下，削弱表面势垒，使金属ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料电阻降低，表现出ＮＴＣ现象。在电场作用下，正负电荷、晶粒畸变和空位缺陷等产生空间电荷极化使金属ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料有较高介电常数。介电损耗（ｔｇδ）频谱和介电δ温度谱上都出现一个介电峰，其主要原因是跃迁极化，金属阳离子由一个位置跃迁到另一个位置，在介电损耗所对应的频率和温度时出现跃迁极化率最大     

一种NTC热敏电阻校正方程的试验研究

为了校正NTC热敏电阻的校正方程,提高测温精度。通过对传统的指数方程进行线性变换,得到一种新的NTC热敏电阻温度计R-T特性关系,对此关系进行多阶最小二乘拟合,利用误差评判原理,确定最适合的NTC热敏电阻的校正方程。并且实际验证了此校正方程的测温精度可以满足更高精度要求的需要。     

金属－PTC陶瓷复合材料研究

研究低Ｔ＿ｃＰＴＣＲ复合材料的制备工艺，测试所制成样品的阻温特性。通过样品Ｘ射线定性相分析，探讨该复合材料所表现的ＮＴＣ阻温特性机理。