Morphology-controlled fabrication of nanostructured WO3 thin films by magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition for enhanced efficiency photo-electrochemical water splitting

Herein, the tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanostructure thin films with different morphologies are firstly fabricated by magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition technique (MS-GLAD), followed by the post annealed treatment process in air ambient for 2 h. It is demonstrated that the geometry of MS-GLAD setup, mainly substrate position, played a crucial role in determining the morphology, crystallinity, optical transmittance, and photo-electrochemical (PEC) performance of the WO₃ nanostructured thin film. With the different substrate positions in the MS-GLAD system, the WO₃ nanorod film layer could be precisely changed to combine an underlying dense layer with a nanorod layer and then nanocolumnar film. Moreover, the prepared samples' chemical composition and work function are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), respectively. The combining WO₃ nanostructure produced high PEC efficiency compared to the single layer of the WO₃ nanorods sample and the dense WO₃ thin film sample. Thus, morphology-controlled nanostructure film based on the MS-GLAD technique in our study provides a simple approach to enhance the photo-anode for PEC water splitting application.     

Prediction of Flooding in Packed Liquid-Liquid and High-Pressure Extraction Columns Using a Gaussian Process

Reliable prediction of flooding conditions is needed for sizing and operating packed extraction columns. Due to the complex interplay of physicochemical properties, operational parameters and the packing-specific properties, it is challenging to develop accurate semi-empirical or rigorous models with a high validity range. State of the art models may therefore fail to predict flooding accurately. To overcome this problem, a data-driven model based on Gaussian processes is developed to predict flooding for packed liquid-liquid and high-pressure extraction columns. The optimized Gaussian process for the liquid-liquid extraction column results in an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 15.23 %, whereas the algorithm for the high-pressure extraction column results in an AARE of 13.68 %. Both algorithms can predict flooding curves for different packing geometries and chemical systems precisely.     

QuEChERS结合GC-MS/MS法测定果蔬汁中21种农药残留

建立一种采用QuEChERS前处理结合Quick Pro净化柱-气相色谱串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法测定果蔬汁中的21种农药残留量的方法。样品采用乙腈提取，EN方法盐包盐析，经Quick Pro净化柱净化，DB-35MS UI色谱柱分离，采用选择离子监测（SIM）模式扫描，外标法定量。在质量浓度0.01～0.50 μg/mL范围内相关系数（R）均＞0.995，样品在0.01 mg/kg、0.02 mg/kg、0.10 mg/kg的添加水平下，21种农药的回收率在75.2%～117.8%之间，回收率实验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.9%～11.5%之间。该方法操作简便，分析时间短，精密度好，适用于果蔬汁中多种农药残留的检测。     

TLCD基础隔震框架结构的减振控制研究

为了避免和减轻由过大隔震层位移引起的损害,对基础隔震框架结构装设调频液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper,简称TLCD)后混合系统的减振效果进行研究。建立了单层和多层混合控制系统在地震作用下的运动方程,采用TLCD-结构体系转化为调频质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)-结构体系的等效方法,利用TMD参数优化公式,得到单个TLCD初始设计参数,并采用状态空间方程得到多个TLCD最优设计参数。通过对某8层基础隔震结构进行模拟,证明了该理论设计方法的合理性。该混合结构不仅可以减小隔震层位移和加速度,而且对上部结构位移和加速度反应都能更有效的控制。     

Bearing capacity of horizontally layered geosynthetic reinforced stone columns

In very soft soils, the bearing capacity of stone columns may not improve significantly due to very low confinement of the surrounding soil. Therefore, they may be reinforced with geosynthetics by using vertical encasement or horizontal layers. Very limited studies exist on horizontally reinforced stone columns (HRSCs). In this research, some large body laboratory tests have been performed on horizontally reinforced stone columns with diameters of 60, 80, and 100?mm and groups of stone columns with 60?mm diameter. Results show that the bearing capacity of stone columns increases by using horizontally reinforcing layers. Also, they reduce lateral bulging of stone columns by their frictional and interlocking effects with stone column aggregates. Finally, numerical analyses were carried out to study main affecting parameters on the bearing capacity of HRSCs. Numerical analysis results show that the bearing capacity increases considerably with increasing the number of horizontal layers and decreasing space between layers.     

巷道过陷落柱顶板安全技术措施

为了保证9109回风顺槽安全快速过X0陷落柱,保证过陷落柱期间顶板稳定性,七一煤矿通过技术研究,采用导硐分层爆破施工工艺,提出了“撞楔超前支护+注浆锚棚支护”联合加强支护措施。通过实际应用,过陷落柱期间顶板未发生冒落现象,顶板下沉量控制在0.13m以下,取得了显著成效。     

神经性贝类毒素免疫亲和柱的制备与应用

通过纯化PbTX-2单克隆抗体,以琼脂糖凝胶(sepharose 4B)为载体制备神经性贝类毒素(NSP)免疫亲和柱,并建立NSP的免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品以含80%甲醇水溶液提取,PBS缓冲液稀释,经过NSP免疫亲和柱净化和富集后进行LCMS/MS测试分析。同时对上样液、淋洗液、洗脱液等亲和柱参数进行优化。结果表明:NSP免疫亲和柱对贝类样品有很好的净化作用,降低了贝类基质中脂肪、蛋白质、色素、分泌黏液等杂质干扰,提高了样品回收率。在40~800μg/kg范围内样品加标平均回收率为82.95%~112.95%,相对标准偏差为1.27%~2.94%。该NSP免疫亲和柱净化效果强、灵敏度高且受基质干扰小,适用于贝类中神经性贝类毒素的分析测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳饼中的氯霉素

目的建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)检测乳饼中氯霉素的分析方法。方法样品经乙酸乙酯提取,分析了分别经C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)及MCS固相萃取柱净化、富集的结果;以乙腈-0.05%氨水为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,采用多反应检测负离子模式进行定性及定量分析。结果 MSC固相萃取柱具有较好的回收率,氯霉素的方法检出限为0.004μg/kg,方法定量限为0.01μg/kg,在0.10、0.50、1.00、10.00 ng 4个加标水平下回收率分别为76.4%、101%、62.4%、61.1%。结论本方法灵敏度高、重复性好,可满足乳饼样品中痕量氯霉素残留的测定。     

萃取塔数学模型及过程强化的若干研究进展

萃取塔因生产能力大、占地面积小、密闭性好等优点，在石油、化工、生物、医药和环境工程等多领域被广泛应用。本文从以下几个方面介绍了萃取塔近些年的研究进展：综述了传统萃取塔（脉冲萃取塔、转盘塔与Kühni塔等）的水力学、轴向扩散与传质模型的发展，分析比较了表面张力、传质方向、放大效应等因素对模型的影响；介绍了计算流体动力学（CFD）在萃取塔中单液滴、单相流模拟、液-液两相流模拟、外加能量模拟、与群体平衡模型（PBM）耦合模拟中的应用进展；介绍了国内外设计开发的新型萃取塔，包括改变传统塔的内构件和引入多种外场能量等方式来强化相间传质。研究表明，将先进实验研究方法、准确经验模型和可靠理论计算相结合，将会是萃取塔研究的重要手段和方向。