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1.
In the near future, several offshore wind farms are planned to be built in the North Sea. Therefore, jacket and tripod constructions with mainly axially loaded piles are suitable as support structures. The current design of axial bearing resistance of these piles leads to deviant results regarding the pile resistance when different design methods are adopted. Hence, a strong deviation regarding the required pile length must be addressed. The reliability of a design method can be evaluated based on a model error which describes the quality of the considered design method by comparing measured and predicted pile bearing resistances. However, only few pile load tests are reported with regard to the boundary conditions in the North Sea. This paper presents 6 large-scale axial pile load tests which were incorporated within a new model error approach for the current design methods used for the axial bearing resistance, namely API Main Text method and cone penetration test (CPT)-based design methods, such as simplified ICP-05, offshore UWA-05, Fugro-05 and NGI-05 methods. Based on these new model errors, a reliability-based study towards the safety was conducted by performing a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, consequences regarding the deterministic pile design in terms of quality factors were evaluated. It is shown that the current global safety factor (GSF) prescribed and the partial safety factors are only valid for the API Main Text and the offshore UWA-05 design methods; whereas for the simplified ICP-05, Fugro-05 and NGI-05 design methods, an increase in the required embedded pile length and thus in the GSF up to 2.69, 2.95 and 3.27, respectively, should be considered to satisfy the desired safety level according to DIN EN 1990 of β = 3.8. Further, quality factors for each design method on the basis of all reliability-based design results were derived. Hence, evaluation of each design method regarding the reliability of the pile capacity prediction is possible.  相似文献   
2.
以中博会展中心大体积承台的施工为例,探讨了大体积混凝土施工的温度控制措施;按平面应变理论建立了数值分析模型,利用有限元对大体积承台进行了温度场和应力场的模拟分析;对承台内部的混凝土温度进行了测量,并对实测结果进行了分析。  相似文献   
3.
以提高PEMFC燃料电池电堆性能为目的,研究了电堆组装过程中加载方式和载荷对电堆接触电阻及电堆性能的影响。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对三级电堆的装配过程进行有限元分析。分析了几种不同大小的载荷及不同的加载方式的装配对电堆性能的影响,对比了这几种情况下燃料电池堆的核心部件膜电极(MEA)组件的变形情况及应力分布情况,得出电堆的最佳装配载荷。该结果可为燃料电池电堆的装配提供较好的参考依据。  相似文献   
4.
红花檵木作为一种彩色叶植物广泛应用于园林造景当中,目前在园林景观建设中红花檵木主要以低矮灌木的形式存在,由于其景观应用形式的单一化,严重制约了红花檵木生态、景观、经济价值的充分发挥以及相关行业的进一步发展。文章从红花檵木的生态、生理习性为理论基础出发,通过对两种红花檵木仿生古桩景制作材料及方法的介绍,公开了一种红花檵木古桩景快速成型园林景观应用的新形式、新方法,达到丰富红花檵木景观应用形式,提升其生态、景观价值的目的。同时应用形式的多样化,能促进红花檵木相关上下游产业的发展,为红花檵木景观产业注入新的活力。  相似文献   
5.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(1):101094
When a pile is installed into saturated clay ground, the “setup” effect may occur due to ground consolidation, which changes pile performance. Although this phenomenon has been observed both in the field and laboratory, its numerical simulation is still challenging. In this work, pile installation effects on the behaviors of jacked-in piles were investigated through three simulation techniques by a three-dimensional finite element analysis program, PLAXIS 3D. A constitutive model called the soft soil creep model was used to describe the soil behavior based on soil parameters obtained from laboratory tests. The behaviors of single piles were first investigated with or without the consolidation process after pile installation to evaluate the pile setup effect. Then, a pile group comprising 4 piles was analyzed using the consolidation process to verify the applicability of the three simulation techniques. The calculated results were compared with the corresponding experimental results. The calculated results using three techniques generally agreed well with the experimental results in terms of initial stiffness and pile shaft resistance. Both the measured and calculated results indicate that ground consolidation caused by pile installation significantly increases the pile bearing capacity and especially, the pile shaft resistance. Therefore, the pile setup effect can be reasonably simulated by the three proposed techniques.  相似文献   
6.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(3):101150
The circular helicoid pile (CH pile) is a new type of special-shaped pile that has been developed in Japan and South Korea in the past decade and has been widely used in the fields of construction, transportation, natural energy and agriculture due to its excellent compressive and pullout bearing performances. Consequently, this new type of pile has good engineering application prospects. However, as an innovative engineering structure, the CH pile is not widely known by geotechnical engineers worldwide. The geometric structure of the CH pile is similar to a circular helicoid in differential geometry. Therefore, the pile-soil interaction problem cannot be reduced to a plane strain problem or an axisymmetric problem in theoretical research. In view of this, dry silica sand was used as the model foundation in this study, and a model test device and method that can effectively reflect the installation process and loading-bearing service state of CH piles were developed. Under different installation methods, pile structures and foundation soil conditions, 90 model tests were carried out to evaluate the engineering performances of CH piles during the whole process of installation and bearing, including the installation performances during the installation process, the compressive bearing performances under axial compressive loading and the pullout bearing performances under axial pullout loading. Compared with steel sheet piles and steel pipe piles, CH piles have better engineering performance and more economic benefits from the aspects of installation, construction, recycling, timeliness of engineering application, and the relative relationship between bearing capacity and pile mass.  相似文献   
7.
Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level, the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pile–soil–raft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.  相似文献   
8.
In recent years, X-ray CT scanners with task-specific modifications, such as microfocus and/or a synchrotron, have been widely implemented in a variety of fields, including medical and industrial fields. Since microfocus X-ray CT systems enable the visualization of whole samples, and also yield a relatively high resolution of the region of interest in the sample, they are commonly utilized in the fields of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This paper describes a novel loading test apparatus that is specifically designed for microfocus X-ray CT systems capable of performing loading tests to investigate soil behavior during the installation of driven open-section piles. The loading tests were designed to take the micro-level spatial resolution of microfocus X-ray CT systems into account. Digital image correlation (DIC) is subsequently implemented to analyze the obtained CT images, making it possible for measurements to be taken of the displacement fields in the ground following installation of the model pile. Finally, the versatility of this novel test apparatus is proof of its high potential for application in different types of loading tests.  相似文献   
9.
This paper presents a full-scale model study of geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) track-bed to investigate the effect of geogrid reinforcement and the evolution of pile efficacy (ratio of load borne by the pile cap to the total applied load). Three testing procedures were followed: model construction, static loading and subsoil settlement (simulated by discharging of water bags surrounding the pile caps). The results indicated that partially mobilized soil arching was developed during the first two procedures. When sufficient subsoil settlement was reached, fully mobilized soil arching was established. The geogrid was proven to effectively transfer load from the water bag to the pile cap. The stress difference induced by the geogrid showed lower absolute values for the corresponding sensors above the water bag during loading and settlement procedures, due to the inverse triangular distribution of the vertical-directional geogrid tensile force above the water-bag area. The experimental results of pile efficacy were compared to the estimations of four analytical models. For the present test at partially mobilized arching state, the pile efficacy increased with the construction height increasing and decreased as the static loading increased. The partially mobilized arching also resulted in overestimations of the pile efficacy from all four analytical models. At fully mobilized arching state, the pile efficacy stayed relatively stable, being well predicted by all four analytical models.  相似文献   
10.
采用物理模型试验方法,对人工冻土条件下混凝土灌注桩进行了桩身温度场监测及混凝土强度检测,并基于试验数据,研究了人工冻土中灌注桩桩身温度场发展规律和混凝土强度增长特性,可为人工冻土条件下混凝土灌注桩的施工提供技术指导。  相似文献   
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