响应曲面法优化河蚬发酵去腥工艺

采用生物发酵法对河蚬进行去腥处理,通过单因素试验研究酵母用量、发酵温度和发酵时间对去腥效果的影响,再运用响应曲面试验设计进行优化试验,确定最佳发酵去腥工艺条件。其最佳工艺条件为：以lOOg河蚬计,酵母2g、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间2h。     

Investigation of machining characteristics in rotary ultrasonic machining of alumina ceramic

Alumina ceramic is well documented as a much-demanded advanced ceramic in the present competitive structure of manufacturing and industrial applications owing to its excellent and superior properties. The current article aimed to experimentally investigate the influence of several process variables, namely: spindle speed, feed rate, coolant pressure, and ultrasonic power, on considered machining characteristics of interest, i.e., chipping size and material removal rate in the rotary ultrasonic machining of alumina ceramic. Response surface methodology has been employed in the form of a central composite rotatable design to design the experiments. Variance analysis testing has also been performed with a view to observing the consequence of the considered parameters. The microstructure of machined rod samples was evaluated and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. This analysis has revealed and confirmed the presence of plastic deformation that caused removal of material along with brittle fractures in rotary ultrasonic machining of alumina ceramic. The validity and competence of the developed mathematical model have been verified with test results. The multi-response optimization of machining responses (material removal rate and chipping size) has also been attempted by employing a desirability approach, and at an optimized parametric setting the obtained experimental values for material removal rate and chipping size were 0.4166?mm³/s and 0.5134?mm, respectively, with a combined desirability index value of 0.849.     

基于响应面的变复杂度气动分析模型

结合变复杂度和响应面近似建模方法，采用CFD和工程估算气动分析方法，构建了基于响应面校准的变复杂度气动分析模型。以冲压发动机导弹为例，采用拉丁超方取样技术，选取6个CFD计算状态，建立了差值和比值校准响应面，并比较校准后的气动性能与CFD分析。结果显示，基于差值校准响应面的变复杂度方法具有较好的逼近能力和计算效率，适合于飞行器多学科设计优化过程的气动分析。     

花生红衣中原花色素超声提取工艺的优化

利用响应面分析法对花生红衣中原花色素的提取工艺进行了优化。在PB实验设计的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,选取三因素三水平进行响应面分析,确定各工艺条件的影响因子,以原花色素提取液吸光值为响应值进行响应面分析。实验结果表明:乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度对原花色素的提取有较显著影响,花生红衣中原花色素最优提取工艺为:乙醇浓度:61.09%、超声时间:22.35min、超声温度:45.64℃,此时得率为10.6mg/g。     

茂原链霉菌原生质体制备条件的优化

对茂原轮枝链霉菌(Streptoverticilluim mobaraense)的原生质体制备进行了研究.研究表明在培养基中加入4%的甘氨酸有利于原生质体的释放.茂原轮枝链霉菌孢子悬液在41 ℃下用2.5 mg/mL溶菌酶作用4 h的效果最好,原生质体形成率与再生率的乘积可达24%.     

On polynomial response surfaces and Kriging for use in structural optimization of crashworthiness

The accuracy of different approximating response surfaces is investigated. In the classical response surface methodology (CRSM) the true response function is usually replaced with a low-order polynomial. In Kriging the true response function is replaced with a low-order polynomial and an error correcting function. In this paper the error part of the approximating response surface is obtained from simple point Kriging theory. The combined polynomial and error correcting function will be addressed as a Kriging surface approximation.To be able to use Kriging the spatial correlation or covariance must be known. In this paper the error is assumed to have a normal distribution and the covariance to depend only on one parameter. The maximum-likelihood method is used to find the latter parameter. A weighted least-square procedure is used to determine the trend before simple point Kriging is used for the error function. In CRSM the surface approximation is determined through an ordinary least-square fit. In both cases the D-optimality criterion has been used to distribute the design points.From this investigation we have found that a low-ordered polynomial assumption should be made with the Kriging approach. We have also concluded that Kriging better than CRSM resolves abrupt changes in the response, e.g. due to buckling, contact or plastic deformation.     

语音交换新技术在电力系统中的应用

在电力系统中,语音通信主要用于调度电话和行政电话,语音交换网目前主要采用程控交换进行组网。不同场合对语音接入方式的要求不同,需要运用不同的接入技术。文章比较了远端模块、VoIP网关及软交换3种技术,探讨了其各自适用的场合,应用这些技术可以满足不同的语音接入需求。     

Optimisation of immobilisation conditions for chick pea β-galactosidase (CpGAL) to alkylamine glass using response surface methodology and its applications in lactose hydrolysis

Response surface methodology was advantageously used to optimally immobilise a β-galactosidase from chick pea onto alkylamine glass using Box–Behnken experimental design, resulting in an overall 91% immobilisation efficiency. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the adequacy and significance of the quadratic model. Immobilised enzyme showed a shift in the optimum pH; however, optimum temperature remained unaffected. Thermal denaturation kinetics demonstrated significant improvement in thermal stability of the enzyme after immobilisation. Galactose competitively inhibits the enzyme in both soluble and immobilised conditions. Lactose in milk whey was hydrolysed at comparatively higher rate than that of milk. Immobilised enzyme showed excellent reusability with retention of more than 82% enzymatic activity after 15 uses. The immobilised enzyme was found to be fairly stable in both dry and wet conditions for three months with retention of more than 80% residual activity.     

Green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel

BACKGROUND: A major bottleneck in microalgal biodiesel production is lipid content, which is often low in microalgal species. The present study examines Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel by identifying and evaluating the relationships between the critical variables that enhance the lipid yield, and characterizes the biodiesel produced for various properties. RESULTS: Factors affecting lipid accumulation in a green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris were examined. Multifactor optimization raised the lipid pool to 55% dry cell weight against 9% control. When C. vulgaris cells pre‐grown in glucose (0.7%)‐supplemented medium were transferred to the optimized condition at the second stage, the lipid yield was boosted to 1974 mg L^?1, a value almost 20‐fold higher than for the control. The transesterified C. vulgaris oil showed the presence of ～82% saturated fatty acids, with palmitate and stearate as major components, thus highlighting the oxidative stability of C. vulgaris biodiesel. The fuel properties (density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, calorific value, cetane index, ash and water contents) are comparable with the international (ASTM and EN) and Indian (IS) biodiesel standards. CONCLUSION: C. vulgaris biomass with 55% lipid content and adequate fuel properties is potentially a renewable feedstock for biodiesel. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimal buffer inventory and preventive maintenance for an imperfect production process

In this paper we present a model to determine the optimal length of continuous production periods between maintenance actions and the optimal buffer inventory to satisfy demand during preventive maintenance or repair of a manufacturing facility. We include in the model the possibility of imperfect production. We consider that the duration and cost of the maintenance action depend on the state of the production facility.