Trams-a risk factor for pedestrians

In Gothenburg tram injuries were identified to be an important cause of traffic injuries and fatalities (48%) among pedestrians. During the summer middle-aged men, often under the influence of alcohol, were often severely injured and the injury rate was also high during the autumn. A majority (60%) of those fatally injured were under the influence of alcohol. Most injury events happened at or near a tram stop. The most serious injuries arose when the victim landed under a tram. In 1992, a runaway tram caused a major disaster, killing 10 pedestrians and injuring 30. The injury reducing measures the tram company has now started to introduce include safety railings at tram stops, side barriers on the tramcars to prevent people from falling under the tram and lower speeds near tram stops.     

Effectiveness of the floating slab track system constructed at Konya Light Rail

Ground-borne vibrations and noise, originated at the train/tram wheel–rail interface and transmitted through the rails to the ground, may cause significant disturbance to people passing by or residing alongside the railways. This paper presents a case study on the evaluation of the effectiveness for mitigating ground-borne vibration and noise by floating slab track system (FST). The underpass located at a major road junction in front of Konya Metropolitan Municipality building serves to thousands of people every day. The Konya Light Rail makes a curb right on top of the underpass, which generates considerable amount of noise and vibration to the environment. In this study, the noise and vibration acceleration measurements were taken before and after the FST system installment in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the isolation work. The collected acceleration data were analyzed and the resulting vibration velocity levels were compared. It was found that the vibrations and the ground-borne noise due to the passage of the trams were reduced considerably. The FST system was found to be quite successful in absorbing the vibrations. A noise level reduction up to 26 dBA was measured after replacing the old rail system with FST.     

罗克韦尔FlexLogix焦炉装煤车自动计量系统上的应用

本文主要通过对焦炉炼焦生产工艺分析,应用罗克韦尔Logix自动化平台技术实现了整个装煤车计量过程的全自动监控和生产数据的记录统计,满足了焦炉生产高质量冶金焦的需要,系统的投用提高了企业的自动化水平和生产效率,降低了煤耗和管理成本,在实际运行中取得了很好的效果。     

矿用电机车的速度控制

矿用电机车的速度控制方式包括串电阻式，直流斩波式和交流变频式三种，本文从节能的角度对这三种控制方式的特点进行了比较，指出直流斩波调速比串电阻调速可节能５０％以上，是目前矿用电机车最为流行的速度控制方式，但从发展的观点看，交流变频调速前景看好，最终将垄断矿用电机车的速度控制。     

Exploring the impacts of factors contributing to tram-involved serious injury crashes on Melbourne tram routes

Previous research is limited regarding factors influencing tram-involved serious injury crashes. The aim of this study is to identify key vehicle, road, environment and driver related factors associated with tram-involved serious injury crashes. Using a binary logistic regression modelling approach, the following factors were identified to be significant in influencing tram-involved fatal crashes in Melbourne: tram floor height, tram age, season, traffic volume, tram lane priority and tram travel speed. Low floor trams, older trams, tram priority lanes and higher tram travelling speeds are more likely to increase tram-involved fatal crashes. Higher traffic volume decreases the likelihood of serious crashes. Fatal crashes are more likely to occur during spring and summer. Findings from this study may offer ideas for future research in the area of tram safety and help to develop countermeasures to prevent specific fatality types from occurring.     

Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities and total phenolic content of extracts obtained from plants grown in Vietnam

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have been used to treat various diseases since ancient times. Their specific activities, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer, have been studied intensively. In particular, plants grown in Vietnam have attracted considerable attention among food chemists as ideal sources of natural medicinal chemicals. RESULTS: The methanol extracts from three edible Vietnamese‐grown plants, Tram, Voi and Gac, tested with the DPPH assay showed antioxidant activities of 91.7 ± 0.4, 63.4 ± 0.7 and 3.7 ± 0.1% respectively. The malonaldehyde/gas chromatography assay also revealed strong antioxidant activity in Tram and Voi at a level of 25 µg mL^?1 (95.5 ± 0.3 and 78.5 ± 1.4% respectively). These results were confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid assay. The antioxidant activities correlated positively with the level of total phenolics in all plants. Tram exhibited dose response‐related lipoxygenase‐inhibitory activity, with values of 74.2 ± 3.1% at 5 µg mL^?1, 62.0 ± 0% at 0.5 µg mL^?1 and 3.0 ± 1.5% at 0.05 µg mL^?1. Conversely, Voi and Gac showed negative anti‐lipoxygenase activity. CONCLUSION: The antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory activities and total phenolic contents of the three edible plants grown in Vietnam revealed that they are good sources of supplements for human health. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

国外有轨电车交通的发展与启示

有轨电车曾是一种被淘汰的交通工具,近年来又被作为一种绿色交通方式,在世界各地发展活跃。通过对国外有轨电车发展的回顾,总结了主要城市有轨电车交通的发展特点、规划布局及相关经验,最后提出了我国发展有轨电车交通的几点看法。     

“轮子上的城市”还是“轨道上的城市”？

本文以欧洲城市轨道交通建设为研究对象,比较了“轮子上的城市”与“轨道上的城市”两种不同的城市交通发展模式,并通过具体的现象分析了中欧城市交通发展思想的差异,以促进对欧洲城市交通模式与景观的更加深刻的理解。     

现代有轨电车在法国城市发展中的应用及启示

介绍20世纪70年代以来欧洲现代有轨电车建设的实践成果,总结现代有轨电车的优势与特点,并通过对法国各城市的若干具体案例的深入分析,归纳现代有轨电车在法国不同规模和不同类型的城市建设中的三种应用类型;在此基础上结合国内公共交通系统建设中的问题与不足,提出法国的建设经验对在我国各类型城市中建设现代有轨电车系统的启发和借鉴,促进我国城市轨道交通的合理良性发展。     

现代有轨电车中的无障碍人性化设计探析

现代有轨电车凭借诸多优越性在一些城市获得了较大发展,在城市交通中发挥着重要作用。现代有轨电车设计现代化标志之一就是融入无障碍人性化设计理念,我们要明确现代有轨电车无障碍人性化设计基本思路,从操作界面、符号信息、色彩运用、使用习惯、人机适应等诸多层面进行设计;在现代有轨电车结构部件设计中具体的实施无障碍人性化设计：车门区域无障碍人性化设计、车内区域无障碍人性化设计、信息传达无障碍人性化设计等,以优质、人性化服务为现代有轨电车发展拓展更宽广的空间。