A study of A2/O process in El-Berka WWTP by replacing the anaerobic selector with UASB and adopting a hybrid system in the oxic zone

ABSTRACT

A multistage system comprising an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) followed by anoxic unit and then oxic activated sludge (AS) with biofilm is studied in El-Berka WWTP, Egypt. Different organic loading wastewaters of chemical oxygen demand (COD) less than 500 mg/L till 3000 mg/L are tested during the study. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) varies for each loading from 7.5 to 10 to 15 h. The UASB reactor accomplishes the removal efficiency of 50%–70% of influent COD. The overall system performs the removal efficiency of 95% of influent COD and NH₄-N. Also, the results are verified by a modified mathematical model.     

酚醛树脂废水处理工程实例

无锡市某塑业有限公司主要是生产酚醛树脂研究、开发生产为主的化工企业,生产过程中产生的废水,有机物浓度高,盐份偏高,水质波动比较大,属于较难处理的高浓度有机废水。针对本废水特点,采用铁碳-芬顿-中和-水解酸化-UASB-PACT生物组合工艺处理,可去除其中的大部分有机物,出水水质能稳定达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准的要求。     

UASB处理纤维素乙醇废水的启动运行研究

以厌氧UASB反应器处理纤维乙醇废水为研究对象,探讨分析了UASB的启动和稳定运行过程。结果表明,采用城市污水处理厂的厌氧消化污泥作为接种污泥,在COD有效容积负荷为0.33~1.11 kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,UASB反应器成功启动,COD的去除率达到70%以上。启动初期,出水pH会明显高于进水,污泥呈先减少后增加的趋势,当增加进水SO42-浓度到7 250 mg/L,COD/SO42-比值2.7∶1时,会导致纤维素乙醇废水UASB处理系统的崩溃。UASB反应器运行稳定后,污泥浓度增至30~40 g/L,MLVSS/MLSS比值也达到90%左右,在HRT为14~41 h,回流比3∶1~13∶1,有效容积负荷3.45~14.67 kg COD/(m3·d)的条件下,对纤维乙醇生产废水均能保持90%以上的COD去除率,出水COD小于1 000 mg/L。     

Anaerobic sewage treatment in a one-stage UASB reactor and a combined UASB-Digester system

The treatment of sewage at 15 degrees C was investigated in a one-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a UASB-Digester system. The latter consists of a UASB reactor complemented with a digester for mutual sewage treatment and sludge stabilisation. The UASB reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 6h and a controlled temperature of 15 degrees C, the average sewage temperature during wintertime of some Middle East countries. The digester was operated at 35 degrees C. The UASB-Digester system provided significantly (significance level 5%) higher COD removal efficiencies than the one-stage UASB reactor. The achieved removal efficiencies in the UASB-Digester system and the one-stage UASB reactor for total, suspended, colloidal and dissolved COD were 66%, 87%, 44% and 30%, and 44%, 73%, 3% and 5% for both systems, respectively. The stability values of the wasted sludge from the one-stage UASB reactor and the UASB-Digester system were, respectively, 0.47 and 0.36g CH(4)-COD/g COD. Therefore, the anaerobic sewage treatment at low temperature in a UASB-Digester system is promising.     

UASB反应器处理甲醇废水的研究

采用单段UASB工艺处理甲醇废水,以颗粒污泥为接种污泥,在容积负荷为18 kg-COD/(m3.d)、污泥负荷为1.098 kgCOD/(kgVSS.d)的条件下,反应器运行平稳,对COD的去除率>90%,且处理全程始终未出现挥发性脂肪酸的积累现象。当外加碱度(以CaCO3计)降低到119 mg/L时,反应器内的pH值仍可保持稳定。甲醇在转化为甲烷的生物化学过程中,以直接还原成甲烷为主要途径,而通过形成乙酸再转化为甲烷并不是主要途径,因此甲醇废水的厌氧生物处理通常并不存在由脂肪酸的积累引起的毒性作用和pH的急剧变化所导致的运行不稳定。     

Enhanced granulation by natural ionic polymer additives in UASB reactor treating low-strength wastewater

Effect of natural ionic polymer additives on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (COD 750-850 mg/L) was examined. The organic loading rate was 1.477+/-0.118 kgCOD/m3/day. Under identical conditions four similar reactors were operated in parallel with the following additives: control with no additive, anionic part of Reetha (Sapindus trifoliata) extract, cationic part of Reetha extract, and Chitosan. By the end of the study period, Chitosan as an additive produced largest granules with mean size of 0.15 mm closely followed by the cationic fraction of the Reetha extract with mean size of 0.144 mm, and anionic fractions of the Reetha extract with 0.139 mm. Control reactor with no additives had the smallest size granules with mean size of 0.128 mm. The fraction of granules in the sludge bed of size >0.1 mm showed similar trend. The largest granule size observed in the reactors with additives was 4-5mm as compared to 2 mm in the control reactor. Cationic polymers were more effective additives for enhancing sludge granulation. Exo-cellular protein, lipid, sugar and total polymer increased with granulation in the reactors. A COD removal efficiency of 95-98% was achieved in all the reactors.     

预处理/AO工艺处理牛仔布废水

介绍了牛仔布染整废水处理系统运行调试中污泥的培养及驯化，分析了运行过程中遇到的问题，提出了影响牛仔布染整废水生化处理系统的因素及相应的控制措施。实践表明，预处理／AO工艺的出水水质达到了国家《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287-1992)中的一级标准。     

Removal of viruses, parasitic protozoa and microbial indicators in conventional and membrane processes in a wastewater pilot plant

The aim of this study was to investigate variations in the occurrence and removal of enterovirus and norovirus genomes, Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and the most commonly used faecal indicators in a Swedish wastewater pilot plant. Paired samples were taken from the inlet and outlet of each treatment line: tertiary filtration, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and upflow anaerobic sludge blankets (UASB). (Oo)cysts and indicators were enumerated using standard methods and viruses using RT-PCR. Giardia cysts and enteroviruses were constantly detected, mean numbers 10(3.11) cysts and 10(4.0) PCR units L(-1), respectively. Oocysts were found in 5/19 samples, mean number 5 L(-1). Noroviruses were found in 6/7 influent samples, with an average titre of 10(3.28)L(-1), during winter, but only in 2/15 in the rest of the year (mean 200 L(-1)). MBR treatment removed indicators more efficiently than did the other two lines, with 5log removal of E. coli. Human virus genome removal did not differ between the MBR and tertiary treatment line. Microorganism removal in UASB was significantly lower for all the organisms studied. E. coli, enterococci and Cl. perfringens removal was correlated (p<0.05) with enterovirus genome removal, with R-values around 0.4. However, values for removal of indicators were more strongly correlated to each other. Removal of viruses based on enumeration using RT-PCR probably underestimates infectious virion removal.     

改良UASB反应器处理海藻酸钠废水的试验研究

本试验采用改良UASB反应器在常温条件下现场处理海藻酸钠废水,试验历时94 d,在絮状污泥为主条件下,容积负荷6.0 kgCOD/(m3.d)时,COD去除率达到85%,出水pH 6.8左右,VFA稳定在400 mg/L左右,设备运行稳定.试验结果表明,常温下利用改良UASB处理海带渣废水是可行的.     

Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor

The rheological and fractal characteristics of the granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were investigated in this study. The influences of sludge concentration and temperature on the rheological properties of the granular sludge were evaluated, and the Bingham model was adopted to describe its rheology. In addition, image analysis was used to determine the sludge fractal dimension. The results indicate that the UASB granular sludge showed a shear-thinning behavior. The relationships between the limiting viscosity and the sludge concentration, as well as the limiting viscosity and temperature could be respectively modeled using an exponential equation and Arrhenius equation well. The Bingham model was able to adequately describe the rheology of the granular sludge. The fractal dimension of the granular sludge, 2.79+/-0.03, was larger than that of some other aggregates, suggesting that the granular sludge were more compact and denser. Furthermore, the relationship between rheological and fractal properties of the granular sludge could be properly described with the model proposed by Shih et al. [1990. Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal. Phys. Rev. A 42, 4772-4779].