Diet composition and overlap for adult walleye,lake whitefish,and yellow perch in Green Bay,Lake Michigan

Interspecific interactions among walleye Sander vitreus, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Green Bay could influence the population status of each species, but potential trophic interactions are poorly understood. Our objectives were to determine if diet assemblages for each species and diet overlap among species varied spatially and temporally within Green Bay. Adult walleye (≥381 mm total length (TL); N = 981), lake whitefish (≥432 mm TL; N = 1507), and yellow perch (≥150 mm TL; N = 1174) were collected during May-October of 2018 and 2019 from multiple locations in southern and northern Green Bay. Diet assemblages of each species varied between northern and southern Green Bay, but walleye diets were more temporally variable (among months within zones and between years) than diets of lake whitefish or yellow perch. Lake whitefish represented a seasonally important prey item for walleye in southern Green Bay, composing 10 % and 41 % of walleye diets by weight in May and June, respectively. Yellow perch generally composed <15 % of walleye diets by weight but were consumed at a broader spatiotemporal scale than lake whitefish. Diet overlap between walleye and both lake whitefish and yellow perch was generally weak or moderate, whereas diet overlap between whitefish and perch was generally strong. Our assessment of adult trophic interactions suggests that changes in the population status of one species could influence fisheries for all three, and we identify additional research questions to address potential population-level effects of these trophic interactions.     

渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9油田新生界“断裂-岩浆”联合控藏作用

综合运用区域地质、三维地震、测井、地球化学、岩石薄片和X-衍射等多种资料，重点针对控制渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷中洼南部斜坡带新生界岩浆岩发育区碎屑岩油气成藏的关键因素进行了研究。作者认为研究区断裂活动与岩浆喷发的时空有序耦合对油气的成藏起到了明显的控制作用，主要表现在以下3个方面：①“断裂-岩浆”联动控制坡中隆起带的形成及规模性圈闭的发育；②“断裂-岩浆”时空有序配置利于深部古近系优质碎屑岩储层的发育；③“断裂-岩浆”耦合共同控制油气差异富集。在这些认识的指导下，在黄河口凹陷中洼南部斜坡带成功发现一个规模大、产能高的优质油田，发现储量近8 000×10⁴ m³，最高单井日产近290 m³。     

基于高分一号遥感卫星的渤海湾悬浮泥沙时空分布反演

悬浮泥沙是评价II类水体水质的重要参数之一,近海岸水域悬浮泥沙对重金属、营养盐等具有一定的吸附作用,悬浮泥沙的分布特征在一定程度上反映着污染物的迁移和循环,因此研究悬浮泥沙对渤海湾建设和环境保护具有重要意义。为探究渤海湾水域悬浮泥沙浓度 和分布的变化特征,利用高分一号多光谱卫星影像,通过采用波段组合的方式对悬浮泥沙含量指数反演提取,反演得到2019年9个月的渤海湾悬浮泥沙指数,分析发现渤海湾悬浮泥沙含量在冬季受季风影响较高,春季和夏季的时候渤海湾高浓度悬浮泥沙向近岸收缩,秋季 悬浮泥沙分布格局有正在向冬季过渡的趋势,本文研究可为渤海湾的生态环境保护和工业开发提供重要的科学依据和参考价值。     

GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SANGU GAS FIELD,OFFSHORE, BANGLADESH: CONSTRAINTS ON RESERVOIRS

The only produced offshore gas field in Bangladesh, known as the Sangu field, is located in the Hatiya Trough in the east of the Bay of Bengal, and has estimated total reserves of about 1055 BCF GIIP. The early shut-down of the field in October 2013 may have resulted in significant volumes of recoverable gas being left in the subsurface over a depth range of 1893 m to 3640 m. In this paper, seismic and well log data were analyzed and interpreted in order to investigate the structure and stratigraphy of the Sangu field, together with the lithology, extent and petrophysical properties of the reservoir. The general lithostratigraphy at Sangu has some similarity to that of the Surma Basin of the Bengal Foredeep. Reservoir rocks consist of Miocene and Pliocene deltaic sandstones and deep-water clastics. The source rock is the Miocene Bhuban Shale which is mature for gas generation in the Hatiya Trough. Three Neogene seismic stratigraphic megasequences were recognised at Sangu and are interpreted to have been deposited respectively in fluvial, delta front and shelf slope or marginal marine settings. Based on an analysis of wireline logs from wells Sangu-1 and Sangu-5 and on seismic-to-well ties, a series of reservoir units referred to (from the base up) as the T1 (E, D, C, A&B), Supra-T1, T2 and T3 have been identified. Petrophysical analyses showed that the average total porosity of these reservoir units is >13%, the permeability is in general less than10 mD, and the gas saturation ranges from 24% to 80%. Mapping of the reservoirs shows that the structure at Sangu is an asymmetric anticline with a NNW-SSE axial trend. Amplitude data have allowed the delineation of two other potential reservoir zones in the field at depths of 2900-3000 m and 3550-3750 m. The study will contribute to future offshore gas exploration and development in the Bay of Bengal region based on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the reservoirs delineated.     

不同类型断层控制油气垂向富集的差异——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷歧南斜坡区为例

渤海湾盆地历经多期构造变动，断层圈闭发育普遍。断层作为断层圈闭的边界条件，在油气成藏过程中起着至关重要的作用。以断层圈闭较发育的歧南斜坡区为例分析了同向断层和反向断层控制油气垂向富集的差异，基于三维地震资料，从断层形成过程和断层圈闭分布出发，剖析了断层遮挡圈闭的成因及分布规律。结合油水分布规律，基于油藏解剖并应用储层定量荧光技术明确了不同类型断层控藏的差异及其形成机理。研究表明：①断层分段生长作用和断层上盘与下盘的差异活动是同向断层控制下断层遮挡圈闭形成的主要原因，斜坡区反向断层控制形成的断层圈闭则是断块掀斜翘倾作用所致；②同向断层圈闭发育在断层上盘分段点位置，只有当同向断层进入"硬连接"阶段方可形成断层圈闭，反向断层圈闭形成在断层下盘，在反向断层活动初期便可形成；③同向断层既可以控制油气在多套含油气系统中聚集成藏，也可在一套含油气系统中富集，而反向断层往往控制油气在一套含油气系统中富集；④不同类型断层控制油气垂向聚集的差异与圈闭发育位置以及断-盖配置有关。采用泥岩涂抹系数对沙河街组一段中部盖层控制的含油气系统的垂向调整进行定量评价，泥岩涂抹系数低于3.5时油气保存，泥岩涂抹系数高于3.5时油气垂向渗漏。     

渤海湾盆地沙垒田地区新近纪走滑断裂发育特征及其对油气富集的控制作用

沙垒田凸起地区是渤海海域西部新近系油气最为富集的区域，为了明确新近系走滑断裂发育特征及对油气富集的控制作用，依托连片高精度三维地震、钻井取心等资料，对走滑断裂类型及发育特征进行了详细刻画，并对走滑断裂与成藏要素之间的关系进行了探讨。综合研究表明：研究区发育断穿基底走滑断裂、盖层走滑断裂及伸展-走滑断裂三种不同类型走滑断裂；走滑断裂对圈闭的控制作用表现为在不同类型走滑断裂控制下，断裂带内及断裂带间形成了多种类型圈闭，其中大型披覆背斜圈闭、断鼻、断背斜圈闭为有利圈闭，小型断块圈闭为不利圈闭；走滑断裂对输导体系的控制作用体现在断裂活动控制了骨架砂体输导体系及断裂输导体系的形成发育，有利于周边凹陷成熟烃源岩排烃及运移输导；走滑断裂对储层的控制作用表现为走滑作用形成的高角度裂缝提高了储层渗透率，改善了储层物性。新近纪普遍发育的走滑断裂是研究区油气富集的主控因素。     

陆相断陷湖盆高频层序特征及其沉积演化——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沙三下亚段为例

岩相及其组合有规律地分布于层序地层格架内。通过岩心观察和样品测试数据综合分析，基于T（湖进）-R（湖退）层序划分方法，系统分析了渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙三下亚段陆相断陷湖盆关键层序界面特征、变化形式、构成样式及分布模式，总结出沙三下亚段的沉积层序演化模式。研究结果表明：①沙三下亚段关键层序界面类型主要有区域性的最大湖泛面和层序界面；②层序变化形式主要有向上变浅的R半旋回、向上变深的T半旋回和稳定旋回3种，层序单元构成可归为3种类型，分别为快升慢降型、慢升快降型和均一型；③沙三下亚段为一完整的三级层序，可划分为4个四级层序，对应早期湖进体系域（早期LTST）、晚期湖进体系域（晚期LTST）、早期湖退体系域（早期LRST）和晚期湖退体系域（晚期LRST），四级层序和划分的五级层序单元具有全区的可对比性和完整性；④济阳坳陷沙三下亚段湖平面在总体快升慢降的背景下，主要经历4个变化阶段——早期LTST的快速上升阶段、晚期LTST的缓慢上升阶段、早期LRST的缓慢下降阶段及晚期LRST的下降阶段。层序演化过程中，构造沉降、沉积物供给和气候条件等因素在不同阶段所起的作用不同，从而造成层序格架内岩相及其组合分布的差异。     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷高硫稠油成因及其成藏模式

现今渤海海域仅在莱州湾凹陷发现了规模型高硫油油田，其原油性质复杂，来源及成因认识不清。在大量实验数据分析的基础之上，利用地球化学分析方法和盆地模拟手段对莱州湾凹陷各油田油气来源及成因做了详细研究，结果表明：①莱州湾凹陷主要发育了沙三段和沙四段两套有效的烃源岩，陡坡带和中央构造带上各构造原油主要来源于主洼沙四段烃源岩，缓坡带上各构造原油表现为主洼沙四段和南次洼沙四段双洼供烃的特征；②沙四段地层沉积时期存在水体分隔，南次洼水体更加咸化易形成富硫干酪根，其烃源岩分布范围控制着高硫油的分布范围，是高硫油形成的主控因素。而生物降解作用，一方面导致原油稠化是形成稠油的主要原因，另一方面使原油硫含量相对富集，是形成高硫油的重要因素；③垦利16-1油田具有晚期成藏的特点，形成了咸化湖盆早生、早排双洼供烃成藏模式，深、浅地层成藏模式不同，深部地层为典型不整合面侧向输导远源成藏模式。认为南次洼南部古近系地层和潜山优质储层是油气聚集的有利区带，可作为下一步油气勘探的有利方向。