某福利院一起肠炎沙门菌食源性疾病的调查分析

目的 对某福利院一起肠炎沙门菌食源性疾病进行调查和溯源,为研究相关食源性疾病提供参考。方法采用流行病学、食品卫生学和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)同源性分析等方法,分析本次食源性疾病事件。结果 确认本次事件中病例23名,患病率5.65%(23/407)；现场采集病例肛拭子15份和厨房工作人员肛拭子3份、留样菜品3份、水果2份以及冰棒1份,其中从11份病例肛拭子中检出肠炎沙门菌,PFGE结果显示11株肠炎沙门菌的DNA条带图谱相似性为96.4%,聚类分析为同一型,结合流行病学调查,初步判断菌株来自同一克隆系。结论 综合流行病学、食品卫生学和实验室检测结果,确定为一起肠炎沙门菌引起的食源性疾病,福利院应加强对特殊人群的饮食安全管理,制定相应的食源性疾病突发事件应急处理预案,防止此类事故再发生。     

市售婴幼儿米粉中克罗诺杆菌的分子分型和耐药分析

为了解婴幼儿配方米粉中克罗诺杆菌的污染情况、分子分型特征及耐药性情况，采集广西区内市售6个厂家和品牌不同配方的婴幼儿米粉进行克罗诺杆菌分离及fusA基因的扩增、测序和MLST数据库比对分析。并应用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）对菌株进行分型鉴定及微量肉汤稀释法测定分离株对8种常见抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations，MICs）。采集的268份婴幼儿米粉共分离到32株克罗诺杆菌，检出率为11.94%，菌株鉴定结果显示32株分离株包括22株C.sakazakii、6株C.malonaticus、3株C.dublinensis和1株C.muytjensii。不同添加成分的婴幼儿配方米粉污染情况差异明显，其中添加淮莲和果蔬的米粉污染率最高为17.78%和15.38%。PFGE分析显示32个菌株共分成32种不同的分子型，相似度为61.20%~92.30%，所有分离株对环丙沙星、庆大霉素和头孢噻肟都敏感，部分菌株（6.25%~43.75%）对氯霉素、四环素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲基异恶唑、头孢西丁和萘啶酸表现为中等敏感，有2个菌株对氯霉素表现为抗性。结果表明市售婴幼儿配方米粉中存在一定的克罗诺杆菌污染，尤其是添加营养成分的米粉。婴幼儿配方米粉中克罗诺杆菌污染来源广泛，部分菌株对一些抗菌药表现为中等敏感甚至是抗性，提示克罗诺杆菌对抗菌药的敏感性呈现减弱的趋势。     

A Temperature‐Responsive Boronate Core Cross‐Linked Star (CCS) Polymer for Fast and Highly Efficient Enrichment of Glycoproteins

Fast and highly efficient enrichment and separation of glycoproteins is essential in many biological applications, but the lack of materials with high capture capacity, fast, and efficient enrichment/separation makes it a challenge. Here, a temperature‐responsive core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymer with boronate affinity is reported for fast and efficient enriching and separating of glycoproteins from biological samples. The temperature‐responsive CCS polymers containing boronic acid in its polymeric arms and poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) in its cross‐linked core are prepared using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization via an “arm‐first” methodology. The soluble boronate polymeric arms of the CCS polymers provide a homogeneous reaction system and facilitate interactions between boronic acid and glycoproteins, which leads to a fast binding/desorption speed and high capture capacity. Maximum binding capacity of the prepared CCS polymer for horseradish peroxidase is determined to be 210 mg g^?1, which can be achieved within 20 min. More interestingly, the temperature‐responsive CCS polymers exhibit rapid reversible thermal‐induced volume phase transition by increasing the temperature from 15 to 30 °C, resulting in a facile and convenient sample collection and recovery for the target glycoproteins. Finally, the temperature‐responsive CCS polymer is successfully applied to enrichment of low abundant glycoproteins.     

Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point-of-Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification

Rapid and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor-rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user-friendly molecular diagnostics.     

Logarithmic decrease of adhesion force with lateral dynamic revealed by an AFM cantilever at different humidities

Adhesion forces between a tipless cantilever and an Au film were determined to investigate the influence of lateral velocity by recording force curves with an atomic force microscope at 20%–90% relative humidities. The sample was moved laterally, forth and back, with a frequency of 0.001–100 Hz and scan distances of 0.8, 8, and 80 μm to achieve a velocity ranging over 7 orders of magnitude. Experimental results show that at low lateral velocities (between 1.6 nm/s and 1–10 μm/s), the adhesion force either increases or decreases or remains stable with the lateral velocity without a certain characteristic trend. However, after a critical velocity, the adhesion force decreases logarithmically with the lateral velocity (between 1–10 and 16,000 μm/s). The decreasing magnitude can be as large as 97.3% of the maximum adhesion force. This decrease is well-explained by the contact time dependence of water bridges formed by capillary condensation.     

加压毛细管电色谱测定甘蔗中三种多酚类化合物

为建立加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)分离检测甘蔗中多酚类化合物绿原酸、阿魏酸、表儿茶素的方法,采用C₁₈毛细管色谱柱,以NaH₂PO₄和甲醇为流动相,优化了流动相比例、缓冲盐pH、缓冲盐浓度、分离电压、流速等色谱条件。结果表明,在流动相为15.0 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄+12.5 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠(pH5.0)/甲醇(50:50,V/V)、分离电压为1 kV、流动相总流速为0.06 mL/min、检测波长为220 nm的色谱条件下,绿原酸、阿魏酸、表儿茶素分离较好,在20~320 μg/mL线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9978、0.9922、0.9971,检出限分别为0.14、0.75、1.65 μg/mL,相对标准偏差分别为2.82%、2.69%、1.18%,平均回收率分别为96.79%、100.71%、99.01%。该方法快速、准确、重复性好,适用于甘蔗中多酚类化合物的分离检测。     

基于荧光显微镜的毛细管电泳系统的构建

毛细管电泳仪具有灵敏度高、分析速度快等优势,为降低其生产成本,基于电泳原理,以荧光显微镜为基础,设计了一套毛细管电泳系统。以20 bp(base pairs,碱基对)DNA ladder和100 bp DNA ladder为样本,全面分析了系统的稳定性、灵敏度和分离效果。结果表明:该系统在9 min内可以实现1500 bp以内DNA片段的高效分离,系统检测极限为0.1 ng/μL;在优化的电泳条件下,对限制性内切酶φX174-HincⅡ作用过的λ-DNA片段5 min内实现了291 bp与297 bp DNA片段的区分。