2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性

目前矿区地表单点沉陷动态预计方法主要基于传统的水准测量数据,监测方法单一,成本高,观测点易破坏,不能保证地表形变信息的实时性,且采用灰色模型进行地表沉陷预计时只针对单一模型的应用,没有结合模型自身特点分析其适用性。以袁店二矿7221工作面为试验区域,采用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测矿区地表沉陷量,分别建立了描述沉陷量与时间关系的GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型进行地表沉陷量预计,实现了矿区地表沉陷监测与动态预计一体化。通过比较、分析GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型对地表沉陷量的拟合及预计结果,得出了2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性:在矿区开采沉陷开始至活跃前期,若地表单点沉陷量曲线呈近似单峰型,则宜采用GM(1,1)进行短期预计;当矿区地表沉陷进入衰退阶段,单点沉陷量曲线呈平底饱和状态,则宜采用灰色Verhulst模型进行中长期预计。     

大口径光学元件装夹转运结构设计及分析

为了实现大口径光学元件的安全装夹、转运,通过光学元件开槽与不开槽两种装夹方式的分析,得出开槽夹紧转运方式将带来微裂纹、应力集中、成本高等缺陷,提出了利用摩擦力克服光学零件的重力和惯性力的低应力装夹转运方案。通过对光学元件低应力夹紧结构设计,并利用有限元分析方法,得到不开槽装夹方式下,光学元件的最大主应力为1.11 MPa,最大切应力为0.73 MPa,远低于光学元件破坏的强度极限,且受力均匀,无应力集中现象。     

裂隙数量和开度对低强度岩体力学特性及破坏模式的影响

采用MTS815电液伺服控制试验机对不同裂隙数量和不同裂隙开度条件下的低强度岩体试件进行常规单轴压缩试验，基于试验结果，详细分析了每种类型裂隙试件的应力-应变曲线、强度、变形参数及破坏模式。研究结果表明:① 裂隙数量可使试件应力-应变曲线的峰后破坏阶段由快速下跌转变为台阶式下跌，最后变为水平延伸式缓慢下跌，呈近似塑性流动变形破坏，相对而言裂隙开度对试件应力-应变曲线的影响则非常小;② 受结构效应的影响，试件峰值强度只在水平和倾斜裂隙条件下才随裂隙数量的增加呈明显减小趋势，而裂隙开度对试件峰值强度的影响较小，且存在最弱影响开度值;③ 裂隙数量对不同裂隙倾角条件下试件的变形特征均有较大影响，而裂隙开度只对倾斜裂隙试件的变形特征影响较为明显;④ 裂隙数量对倾斜和垂直裂隙试件破坏模式的影响要比水平裂隙试件的明显，但影响规律不明确。裂隙开度可以完全改变垂直裂隙试件的破坏模式，使其由纯拉伸破坏向单一剪切破坏转变，但对水平和倾斜裂隙试件的破坏模式基本没有什么影响。     

基于光储频的超宽带相控阵干扰系统设计

瞄准现代化信息战争中有源电子干扰超宽带、大功率、多目标作战能力需求,将超宽带光储频技术与有源相控阵相技术相结合,构建并设计了一套基于光储频的超宽带相控阵干扰系统。基于光延时网络结合波分复用技术实现超宽带光储频,并通过实时时间延时技术实现超宽带有源相控阵发射多波束合成。系统具有大有效辐射功率发射、同时多波束发射以及超宽带瞬时干扰特性,有效解决了传统数字储频、非功率合成体制有源电子干扰系统有效辐射功率小、多波束能力不足、干扰带宽受限等问题。     

松木颗粒热解与高温蒸汽气化半焦产率及形貌特征分析

以成型松木颗粒为原料，进行低温热解，研究了热解温度和升温速率对生成的松木半焦产率及官能团的影响。以试验得到的松木半焦进行蒸汽气化试验，对比分析了温度对半焦重整气化形貌特征、比表面积和平均孔径的影响。研究表明：随着热解温度升高，松木半焦脂肪族结构峰消失转化为烃等小分子物质及气化气，进而降低半焦产率。升温速率升高，半焦产率呈先下降后升高的趋势，在800℃升温速率为30K/min时半焦产率最低。不同温度热解和蒸汽气化对比试验表明，温度相对较低时（500℃）热解和蒸汽气化半焦孔隙结构相近，随着温度的升高，蒸汽气化半焦结构发生明显变化，900°C时出现了更小的孔道结构且比表面积增加明显。蒸汽引入使松木半焦和水蒸气发生热解反应的同时发生了脱氢反应，气化半焦形貌出现熔融和烧结现象。     

Forest parameters retrieval with dual-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry based on clustering analysis

Forest parameters inversion is an important application of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(PolInSAR). To resolve the volume decorrelation coefficient ambiguity of single-baseline PolInSAR, a new dual-baseline PolInSAR approach is proposed in this paper. The correlation of dual-baseline data is fully investigated to resolve the ambiguity problem effectively, and the performance of the proposed approach is proved to be of great robustness in a very small baseline ratio system. Finally, experimental results with ESA dual-baseline PolInSAR simulated data validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.     

High-resolution FIB-TEM-STEM structural characterization of grain boundaries in the high dielectric constant perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12

In this work, the grain boundaries composition of the polycrystalline CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) was investigated. A Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/lift-out technique was used to prepare site-specific thin samples of the grain boundaries interface of CCTO ceramics. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) systems were used to characterize the composition and nanostructure of the grain and grain boundaries region. It is known that during conventional sintering, discontinuous grain growth occurs and a Cu-rich phase appears at grain boundaries. This Cu-rich phase may affect the final dielectric properties of CCTO but its structure and chemical composition remained unknown. For the first time, this high-resolution FIB-TEM-STEM study of CCTO interfacial region highlights the composition of the phases segregated at grain boundaries namely CuO, Cu₂O and the metastable phase Cu₃TiO_4.     

Pollen morphological investigations of family Cactaceae and its taxonomic implication by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

The family Cactaceae is the diversified group of angiosperm plants whose pollen statistics has been used for taxonomic identification. In this article, we present the pollen morphology of eight species belong to seven taxonomically complex genera of Cactaceae including Astrophytum, Cylindropuntia, Echinocereus, Echinopsis, Mammillaria, Opuntia, and Thelocactus using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, and electron photomicrographs were taken. Cactaceae can be characterized by presenting different palynomorphological features including pollen type, sculpturing, polar and equatorial diameter, aperture orientation, exine thickness, P/E ratio, and echini features. Four types of pollen shapes, that is, prolate spheroidal (three species), subprolate (two species), prolate (two species), and oblate spheroidal in Echinocereus reichenbachii were observed. The polar and equatorial diameter observed maximum in O. ficus indica 116.95 and 112.27 μm while minimum in M. compressa 38.42 and 21.05 μm. Pollen of two types, tricolpate in members of subfamily Cactioideae and pantoporate in the Opuntioideae were examined. The fertility percentage has been observed maximum in Opuntia macrocentra (83.84%) and minimum in Opuntia ficus‐indica (57.89%). Exine sculpturing showing great variations such as granulate, reticulate, granulate perforate and micro‐echinate foveolate ornamentation was examined only in Echinopsis eyriesii. A key to species, based on pollen micromorphological attributes, has been constructed for correct identification of complex cactus species.     

空间红外大口径折射式低温镜头设计与验证

针对目标探测类空间红外相机大范围成像、高灵敏度探测、高精度定位等应用需求,文中提出采用像方远心光路和低温光学技术结合的解决方案,设计了物方视场角8°×8°、入瞳口径265 mm、工作温度200 K的像方远心折射式光学系统。镜头最大口径280 mm,采用多级分散的弹性支撑设计,解决大口径低温透镜装框、透镜组件支撑和镜头整体安装各环节的热应力卸载问题。在保证高刚度和低漏热的情况下,使低温下透镜的热应力对镜头能量集中度的影响降低到可接受范围内。镜头完成装调及室温下像质确认后,进行了力学振动试验,并将其制冷到200 K水平测试像质,测试结果表明,镜头能量集中度达到轴上75%,边缘视场72%。     

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at the true cyclotron frequency

Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cells provide stability and coherence of ion oscillations in crossed electric and magnetic fields over extended periods of time. Using the Fourier transform enables precise measurements of ion oscillation frequencies. These precisely measured frequencies are converted into highly accurate mass-to-charge ratios of the analyte ions by calibration procedures. In terms of resolution and mass accuracy, Fourier transform ICR mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) offers the highest performance of any MS technology. This is reflected in its wide range of applications. However, in the most challenging MS application, for example, imaging, enhancements in the mass accuracy of fluctuating ion fluxes are required to continue advancing the field. One approach is to shift the ion signal power into the peak corresponding to the true cyclotron frequency instead of the reduced cyclotron frequency peak. The benefits of measuring the true cyclotron frequency include increased tolerance to electric fields within the ICR cell, which enhances frequency measurement precision. As a result, many attempts to implement this mode of FT-ICR MS operation have occurred. Examples of true cyclotron frequency measurements include detection of magnetron inter-harmonics of the reduced cyclotron frequency (i.e., the sidebands), trapping field-free (i.e., screened) ICR cells, and hyperbolic ICR cells with quadrupolar ion detection. More recently, ICR cells with spatially distributed ion clouds have demonstrated attractive performance characteristics for true cyclotron frequency ion detection. Here, we review the corresponding developments in FT-ICR MS over the past 40 years.