Genetic and genomic analysis of age at first insemination in Israeli dairy cattle

We performed a genetic analysis of age at first insemination, including estimation of the heritability and genetic correlations with other economic traits, and the consequences of including this trait in the Israeli selection index. The genetic factors affecting age at first insemination were determined via GWAS. Five data sets were analyzed. Data sets 1, 2, and 3 were used to compute variance components among age at first insemination, first calving age, days from first insemination to calving, and the 9 traits included in the Israel breeding index. Heritabilities for age at first insemination, calving age, and days from first insemination to calving in Israeli Holsteins as computed by REML individual animal model analyses of 273,239 Israeli Holstein cows were 0.072, 0.042, and 0.014. The estimated genetic correlation between the first 2 traits was 0.88. In addition to the fact that heritability of age at first insemination is 1.7 times the heritability for calving, the former trait has the advantage that the number of records is greater, and the records are generated earlier. Absolute values of the genetic and residual correlations between age at first insemination and the 9 traits included in the Israeli index were all less than 0.2. Data set 4 included first insemination dates of 1,181,600 calves born from 1985 through 2018. Genetic evaluations were computed by a single trait animal model. Annual phenotypic and genetic trends for age at first calving for calves born since 1985 were “positive,” that is, economically negative, at 0.320 ± 0.003 and 0.169 ± 0.005 d, respectively. Applying the GCTA-GREML software, 54% of variance in the transmitting ability of 1,585 sires could be explained by considering all 40,498 markers included in the GWAS analysis. The significant markers were mainly associated with milk production genes. The SNP UA-IFASA-8854 on chromosome 11 had the lowest probability value, 1.2 × 10^?24. This marker is located between the genes RETSAT and ELMOD3, both of which are overexpressed in human mammary glands. The gene RETSAT is reported to be essential for lipid accumulation and adipogenesis promotion. Gene enrichment analysis found that genes in the genomic region flanking significant markers are associated with vasopressin receptor activity, which was shown to mediate puberty in humans. If age at first insemination is included in the index with a weighting to account for 9% of the index, reductions of 2.8 and 2.6 d for age at first insemination and first calving age after 10 yr of selection are predicted, as compared with reductions of 1.4 and 1.1 d with the current index. Gains for the other index traits are only marginally affected. We suggest selection on age at first insemination as an alternative to selection for early calving.     

水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物风险研究

目的 检测水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物。方法 应用食品补充检验方法BJS 201908《水产品及水中丁香酚类化合物的测定》，以海水鱼、淡水鱼、海水虾、淡水虾及养殖水作为基质，测定6种丁香酚类化合物的含量。结果 通过对实际样品测定后发现，在水产品中检出了丁香酚类化合物，主要为丁香酚，检出率为28.9%，其中海水鱼相对突出。结论 本研究为丁香酚作为渔用麻醉剂提供了方法论，为丁香酚类化合物在水产运输的合理使用提供理论依据。     

Modification of the Wu-Mendel approach for linguistic summarization

This paper presents versatile modification of the Wu-Mendel approach for linguistic summarisation and concentrates on eliminating the following main drawbacks of the approach: significant user/expert involvement, significant and rapidly increasing computational cost, some flaws in quality measures formulae. The techniques and formulae proposed to eliminate the aforesaid drawbacks are put through the experimental verification process involving several real-world datasets. The results of the experimental verification demonstrate the increased efficiency and effectiveness of the modified Wu-Mendel approach for linguistic summarisation.     

食品微生物学样品采集操作规程的探讨

鉴于微生物学样品采集在食品检验过程中的重要性,探讨微生物样品的无菌采集操作标准化规程,规范操作,确保检测结果的准确性。本文综合多种情况多种参考方法进行归纳总结,方便实验人员了解食品微生物学样品的采集和抽样,使样品的采集更规范更严谨,确保检测质量。     

Title加TextRank抽取关键句的情感分类研究

考虑到不同句子对判断文档情感倾向的重要程度不同，因而区分文档的关键句和细节句将有助于提高情感分类的性能。同时，考虑到Title和上下文信息，提出了一种基于Title和加权TextRank抽取关键句的情感分析方法SKTT，实现了高效的情感分析。根据文档Title的情感权重计算Title贡献度，考虑到标点和语义规则对情感倾向的影响；根据加权TextRank算法思想，在文档正文中构建了一个情感句有向图来提取关键句；计算所有关键句的情感倾向进行情感分类。在4个领域上进行实验，实验结果表明，该SKTT方法性能明显优于Baseline，具有高效性。     

基于Apriori算法的食品抽检数据的关联规则挖掘

目的 为了发现检测数据的不合格项目之间有意义的关联规则, 并对挖掘出的关联规则进行分析解读, 进一步发掘了食品抽检数据的价值, 从而对食品安全监管具有一定的指导意义。方法 本文对利用Apriori算法对2015~2019年间山东食品药品监督管理局网站公布的食品安全抽检数据的不合格项目进行了关联规则挖掘。结果 通过挖掘得出最符合要求的10条规则。结论 利用关联规则挖掘算法对食品检验数据进行挖掘, 能够挖掘出有价值、有意义的规则, 对食品安全管理具有指导意义, 从中也可以看出数据挖掘技术在食品安全数据挖掘分析中具有广阔的应用前景。     

混流式水泵水轮机轴向水推力计算方法

混流式水泵水轮机的轴向水推力对机组的结构设计和安全运行影响重大,但关于水推力精确计算的研究较少。对此,首先理论上阐释了轴向水推力的组成成分并进行各成分的机理分析。依靠CFD分析技术和相关测试技术进一步对某混流式蓄能机组的轴向水推力进行了数值计算和两个方案的现场测试,经过相互分析验证比较,最终掌握了混流式水泵水轮机轴向水推力的变化规律并提供了一种较为准确的计算方法。研究成果为深入分析奠定了基础。     

Genome-wide association study for milk infrared wavenumbers

Individual wavenumbers of the infrared (IR) spectra of bovine milk have been shown to be moderately to highly heritable. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with individual milk IR wavenumbers. This is expected to provide information about the genetic background of milk composition and give insight in the relation between IR wavenumbers and milk components. For this purpose, a genome-wide association study was performed for a selected set of 50 individual IR wavenumbers measured on 1,748 Dutch Holstein cows. Significant associations were detected for 28 of the 50 wavenumbers. In total, 24 genomic regions distributed over 16 bovine chromosomes were identified. Major genomic regions associated with milk IR wavenumbers were identified on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 14, 19, and 20. Most of these regions also showed significant associations with fat, protein, or lactose percentage. However, we also identified some new regions that were not associated with any one of these routinely collected milk composition traits. On chromosome 1, we identified 2 new genomic regions and hypothesized that they are related to variation in milk phosphorus content and orotic acid, respectively. On chromosome 20, we identified a new genomic region that seems to be related to citric acid. Identification of genomic regions associated with milk phosphorus content, orotic acid, and citric acid suggest that the milk IR spectra contain direct information on these milk components. Consequently milk IR analyses probably can be used to predict these milk components, which have low concentrations in milk; this can lead to novel applications of milk IR spectroscopy for dairy cattle breeding and herd management.     

基于数据驱动理念的电力日负荷曲线预测方法研究

针对短期日负荷预测的精度问题,本文提出一种基于数据驱动理念的电力负荷预测方法。在建立预测模型前对所给数据采取一定的预处理:首先提取所收集的海量数据的负荷特征,对负荷特征进行分析,然后进行负荷数据与影响负荷值的因素之间的相关性分析,以此确定对负荷影响较密切的因素,随后建立分类器得到各主要影响因素与各负荷类别之间的关系为后续预测模型奠定基础。对预处理后得到的不同类型的负荷数据采用最小二乘支持向量机方法建立不同的负荷预测模型。以南方某发达城市2008年的负荷数据作为算例验证数据,将本文所提负荷预测方法所得结果与未经数据预处理的负荷预测方法所得结果进行比较,结果表明本文提出的方法得到的预测结果精度较传统方法提高约6%。