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《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(12):103855
In a narrow channel, the apparent relative viscosity of a suspension with finite-size particles is strongly dependent on its microscopic particle arrangement. Relative viscosity increases when suspended particles flow near the channel wall; thus, a suspension in a narrow channel does not always exhibit the same rheological properties even if the concentration is the same. In this study, we focus on the inertia and concentration of particles in a narrow channel and consider their effects on the microscopic particle arrangement and macroscopic suspension rheology. Two-dimensional pressure-driven suspension flow simulations were performed using a two-way coupling scheme, and normalized particle density distribution (PDD) were implemented to consider their particle arrangements. The results demonstrated that the velocity profiles for the particle suspension were changed by the Reynolds number and particle concentration because of the interactions between particles according to the power-law index. These changes affected the particle equilibrium positions in the channel, and the subsequent changes in solvent layer thickness caused changes in the macroscopic apparent viscosity. The behavior of microscopic particles played important roles in determining macroscopic rheology. Thus, we have confirmed that a normalized PDD can be used to estimate and assess the macroscopic rheology of a suspension. 相似文献
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摘 要:为了提高码索引调制(code index modulation,CIM)系统的传输效率,提出了一种具有更低复杂度的单输入单输出(single input single output,SISO)的广义正交码索引调制(generalized orthogonal code index modulation,GQCIM)系统。CIM 系统使用扩频码和星座符号传输信息,但只能激活两个扩频码索引和一个调制符号。而 GQCIM 系统以一种新颖的方式克服了只激活一个调制符号的限制,同时充分利用了调制符号的正交性,增加扩频码索引以传输更多的额外信息位,提高了系统的传输效率。此外,分析了GQCIM系统的理论性能,推导了误码率性能的上界。通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了GQCIM系统的性能,对比发现GQCIM系统的理论和仿真性能一致。而且在相同的传输效率下,结果显示GQCIM系统的性能优于同样具有正交性的调制系统,如广义码索引调制(generalized code index modulation,GCIM)系统、CIM系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制(code index modulation aided quadrature spatial modulation,CIM-QSM)系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制(code index modulation aided spatial modulation,CIM-SM)系统、脉冲索引调制(pulse index modulation,PIM)系统。 相似文献
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近年来,通过优化飞行程序降低机场飞机噪声影响成为机场环境保护的重要研究方向。文章首先建立了基于飞机“噪声-功率-距离”数据的噪声计算模型,介绍了平均飞行航迹以及连续爬升运行(Continuous Climb Opera-tion, CCO)离场程序的相关理论,最后以大型国际机场为实例,使用飞机平均飞行航迹进行噪声预测,运用综合噪声模型计算出噪声影响面积并绘制噪声影响等值线图,比较了CCO离场相对常规的标准仪表离场(Standard Instru-ment Departure, SID)的降噪效果。结果表明,CCO离场程序可有效降低机场噪声影响,在高噪声级影响区域的降噪效果更佳。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(57):24155-24168
Hydrogen refueling station (HRS) capacity and location depend on the users, which makes it difficult to select the most favorable option before potential users are actually identified. As in Croatia, at least for now, there are no hydrogen users, this study considers a wide range of HRS capacities and their different configurations. These include hydrogen production and charging station within one existing wind farm in Croatia or both nearby the users, the hydrogen production within the wind farm and the charging station nearby the users, while hydrogen is delivered to the station with a tube trailer, and configuration of hydrogen production within the wind farm with a mobile charging station in case of several users in different locations. Each HRS configuration is evaluated by the obtained levelized cost of hydrogen depending on the capital, and operation and maintenance costs within the HRS techno-economic analysis provided. 相似文献
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Today, utility meters for water are tested for measurement behavior at stable operating conditions at specified flow rates as part of the approval process. The measurement error that occurs during start and stop or when changing between flow rates may not be taken into account. In addition, there are new technologies whose measuring behavior under real-world conditions is only known to a limited extend. To take these facts into account, a new method has been developed and tested to determine the measurement behavior of water meters under dynamic load profiles as they occur in the real application. For this purpose, a test rig for flow rate measurement was extended by a cavitation nozzle apparatus and the generation of dynamic load profiles was validated. For the cavitation nozzles used, possible factors influencing the flow rate, such as temperature and purity of the water as well as the upstream pressure were investigated. Using different types of domestic water meters, the applicability of the dynamic test procedure was demonstrated and the measurement behavior of the meters was characterised. 相似文献
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以20 kHz浸入式超声破碎装置为研究对象,将声场分析与有限元方法相结合,分析了超声破碎料腔在不同声场条件下(液位高度、声源位置)的声模态特性,并对超声场内的空化分布和平均声能密度的变化规律进行探讨,最后应用声学测量方法和图像采集试验进行了验证。结果表明:超声空化的空间分布与料腔中声场的声模态特性相关;料腔半径一定,当液位达到料腔声场的谐振液位时,场内平均声能密度较高,空化效应显著增强,空间分布与场内声压分布一致。在谐振液位时,声源位置的布放对平均声能密度和空化增强影响显著。 相似文献
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