Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Measures of cellular immune function in transition cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybean (WS) supplementation (diet rich in n-6 fatty acid) during the prepartum period on cellular immune function of dairy cows in the transition period and early lactation. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G) [G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control)] supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30 and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding (d ?56 ± 2, ?28 ± 2, ?14 ± 2, ?7 ± 2, at the day of partum, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 28 ± 2, and 56 ± 2 relative to parturition). Cell phenotyping and phagocytosis assays were carried out using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry technique. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD3⁺ cells, as well as increased the percentage of blood CD8⁺ cells in the postpartum period, notably in G30, whereas the lowest values were observed in G0. Further, the duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the reactive oxygen species median fluorescence intensity of CH138⁺ cells after phagocytizing Staphylococcus aureus in the postpartum period. Longer periods of WS supplementation linearly increased phagocytosis median fluorescence intensity of CH138⁺ cells in the prepartum period of cows. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD14⁺ cells producing reactive oxygen species when stimulated either by Staph. aureus or Escherichia coli in the postpartum period. In conclusion, longer periods of WS supplementation during late lactation and the dry period (beginning on d 90 of the expected calving date) alter the leukocyte population and improve neutrophil immune response in the postpartum period with no detrimental effects on cow performance.     

基于多因素耦合分析的冲击地压卸压技术研究

为有效预防ZF2803工作面的冲击地压,本文采用多因素耦合分析法研究了初次来压、见方、煤柱、断层、邻近空区支承压力、煤层厚度变化及巷道底煤等7个因素的单独影响区域及叠加效果,确定了7个危险区:中等冲击危险区4个、强冲击危险区3个,给出了相应的煤层及底板大钻孔预卸压措施,工业性应用取得了良好的防治效果。     

干熄焦锅炉炉管失效机理分析

通过对干熄焦锅炉炉管及腐蚀产物开展系统研究，提出炉管失效原因为氧化/硫腐蚀＋高温粉尘冲刷。长寿命炉管仅耐磨层发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀，而近基体层发生了轻微氧化及硫腐蚀，基体只发生了轻微氧化；短寿命炉管耐磨层、近基体层以及基体裂纹内均发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀，且存在珠光体球化、内表面产生全脱碳层等缺陷。推测短寿命炉管存在超温现象，而超温可加剧氧化及硫腐蚀反应。此外，短寿命炉管遭受了较为严重的高温粉尘冲刷，不仅可造成炉管减薄，还会导致炉管表面温度升高。因此，减少循环气体中粉尘量尤其是大颗粒，可有效减弱冲刷以及控制炉管表面温度，是提高炉管使用寿命的关键。     

钻杆推力法预测冲击地压的实验研究

为准确预测预报矿井冲击地压，采用钻杆推力法来判断煤矿冲击地压危险性。通过建立钻进煤层过程中钻杆的动力学模型，得出钻杆推力与煤体应力的关系，利用自主研制的钻杆推力实验测试系统，在实验室测试了不同煤体应力下推力值的变化规律。实验结果表明:随着钻进深度的增加，推力值呈现先增大然后稳定再逐渐减小的规律；在相同钻机及钻具条件下，在矿井下进行原位钻孔实验，分析实验数据发现，钻杆推力与煤体应力、钻屑量有较好的对应关系，充分证明了利用钻杆推力预测冲击危险性的可行性。研究结果为煤矿冲击地压等动力灾害的预测预报和危险区域的判定提供了一种方法，可作为预测冲击危险性的参考性指标。     

防冲支架的核心吸能构件设计与吸能性能研究

为了解决巷道液压支架在冲击地压发生时结构失效以及立柱折损的问题,设计了一种能够快速变形让位、吸收冲击能的构件,用于门式吸能防冲液压支架中,从而保护液压立柱不损坏并且支架结构不失效。对吸能构件的构型进行设计并且研究了其吸能性能。首先,基于门式吸能液压支架的防冲功能提出吸能构件在承载力、反力变化、吸能方式、吸能量以及稳定性5个方面的性能要求。然后对吸能构件的构型设计及其吸能原理进行了详细论述,并结合数值模拟对构件的屈曲吸能机理进行了分析。最后通过室内实验,研究了1∶1吸能构件的力学性能,实验结果表明:吸能构件承载力均值为2 428 kN;后屈曲反力变化相对比较平稳;压缩量达50%时吸能量均值为357 kJ;吸收能量都转化为构件不可恢复的变形能;屈曲过程稳定且与数值模拟结果非常接近。     

Throughput-based fair bandwidth allocation in OBS networks

Fair bandwidth allocation (FBA) has been studied in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, with the main idea being to map the max-min fairness in traditional IP networks to the fair-loss probability in OBS networks. This approach has proven to be fair in terms of the bandwidth allocation for differential connections, but the use of the ErlangB formula to calculate the theoretical loss probability has made this approach applicable only to Poisson flows. Furthermore, it is necessary to have a reasonable fairness measure to evaluate FBA models. This article proposes an approach involving throughput-based-FBA, called TFBA, and recommends a new fairness measure that is based on the ratio of the actual throughput to the allocated bandwidth. An analytical model for the performance of the output link with TFBA is also proposed.     

单向扰动加载触发煤体冲击破坏特性试验研究

运用MTS-C64. 106型压力机开展纯煤试件的单轴动静组合加载试验。结合PIC-2声发射卡和高速摄像机的监测结果,分析了单向扰动加载下煤体的力学、冲击性能、声发射特征、动态破坏特征、碎片分形特征。结果表明,扰动加载应变率增大,煤体强度呈对数增加;冲击性能增强;扰动能量输入速率、声发射振铃计数、撞击数呈现"缓增—急增—突增"的转变,试件破裂形式经历"剪切破裂—竖向劈裂—爆裂"的转变;碎片质量分维与动载应变率呈二次方关系,存在动载应变率极值使试件破坏程度达到最大,试验显示的应变率极值为2. 8×10~(-3)s~(-1)。     

薄壁管高温爆破试验装置研制及应用

为获得燃料组件及燃料相关组件用包壳管的高温爆破性能，研制了薄壁金属管高温爆破试验装置，主要由高压气源单元、试验气氛单元、加热单元、试验台架及测控单元组成。该装置可实现的最高试验温度为1 200 ℃、最高升温速率为10 ℃/s、最大试验压力为100 MPa；可完成压水堆运行工况下的等温高温爆破及模拟事故工况下的瞬态加热高温爆破两种试验。利用该装置完成了316L不锈钢薄壁管的瞬态加热高温爆破试验，获得了600~1 200 ℃、升温速率为5 ℃/s条件下的高温爆破强度（极限环向应力）和周向延伸率数据。试验装置的验证及不锈钢薄壁管的高温爆破试验表明，研制的薄壁金属管高温爆破试验装置满足试验要求，试验灵活方便、控制精度高。     

深部大采高工作面煤柱留设优化数值模拟研究

为缓解高产高效矿井采掘接续紧张局面，鄂尔多斯地区综采工作面多采用“两进一回”的巷道布置形式，辅运巷在回采结束后用作下一工作面的回风巷，两进风巷之间采用大煤柱护巷。但随着该地区采深600 m以上的深部矿井增多，冲击地压灾害问题逐渐显现，双巷大煤柱留设的弊端也暴露出来。针对此问题，以鄂尔多斯红庆河煤矿3^-1101大采高综采工作面为例，对不同宽度煤柱留设的应力分布规律进行建模研究，提出了合理的煤柱留设宽度，为鄂尔多斯地区类似条件矿井的安全高效开采提供参考依据。