梯形断面水力计算的一种新方法

本文从梯形水力最优断面的基本思路出发，通过理论分析找到了梯形断面水力计算的一种新方法——即通过特征参数进行梯形断面的水力计算。     

能量"三环节"理论在原油蒸馏装置扩能改造中的应用

中国石化扬子石化股份有限公司炼油厂在第一套常减压蒸馏装置扩能改造中，使用了多项节能技术以实现能量的优化利用。本文以标定数据为基础，运用能量“三环节”理论对该装置的用能状况进行了计算和分析，从能量利用角度对装置的扩能改造效果进行了评价，并为装置的进一步优化能量利用提出了相应措施。     

On the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys reinforced by long or short alumina fibers or SiC whiskers

This study was initiated to examine the dispersion of longitudinal and transverse waves in metal matrix composites in order to obtain the dynamic elastic modulus and to evaluate various models for predicting the composite's macroscopic elastic constants from the properties of its constituents. The materials chosen for this investigation were alumina continuous fibers on the one hand and alumina and SiC short fibers on the other hand, all embedded in an aluminum alloy matrix. In addition, some indications have been obtained experimentally for the acoustoelastic effect in the composite.     

Homogenization of hardness distribution and distortion in high pressure gas quenching

Quenching with gases rather than oil or other liquid media has the advantages of reducing the risks concerning health and environment, while simultaneously homogenizing the quenching results and minimizing distortion due to a wide range of possible process parameter variations and the pure convective heat transfer. In this contribution, a coupled solution for increasing homogenization of quenching results within high pressure gas quenching will be presented. In the first stage, an experimental test facility was set up for flow investigations and in the second stage a numerical simulation model was generated. The numerical and experimental results of the flow through the chamber were compared for several boundary conditions. Finally, after complete verification of the simulation, the model may be used to assist in parameter variation for optimization of homogeneous high pressure gas quenching.     

高层建筑结构设计的分析判断与优化

对高层建筑设计而言,设计前期的初步结构方案需通过结构软件的计算分析,判断该方案是否正确与合理,从而对其进行有针对性的修改和优化。文章结合具体实例,介绍了分析判断计算结果的主要几项内容及可采取的相应优化措施,从而可以提高设计的准确性和工作效率。     

5%Si高硅奥氏体不锈钢元素偏析及均匀化处理

 高硅奥氏体不锈钢由于高含量硅元素的加入使其具有优异的耐高温腐蚀性能和较低的成本,在制酸行业有着潜在的应用价值。然而,该合金中高含量硅元素的加入会促进凝固过程中溶质再分配,进而造成显著的元素偏析,最终导致合金内部产生枝晶组织和大量的有害相。对铸锭组织进行均匀化处理能够有效消除枝晶与元素偏析,促进析出相回溶和枝晶消融,从而改善材料的热塑性,有效应对热变形开裂问题。因此,采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM/EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)、JMatPro软件计算等方法,研究了实验室条件下制备的5%Si高硅奥氏体不锈钢铸锭的显微组织和元素分布状态,通过残余偏析指数、扩散动力学计算并结合均匀化处理试验验证,最终确定了5%Si高硅奥氏体不锈钢合理的均匀化处理工艺。结果表明,5%Si高硅奥氏体不锈钢凝固过程中钼元素偏析最为严重,通过残余偏析指数模型计算得到的均匀化动力学方程可用来指导该成分合金的均匀化处理工艺;5%Si高硅奥氏体不锈钢经过1 150 ℃×12 h均匀化处理后,铸锭内枝晶消融,元素偏析基本消除,析出相与铁素体回溶到基体中,合金转变为全奥氏体组织,热塑性得到改善;当加热温度达到1 250 ℃时,合金出现过烧现象,晶界开始熔化。     

HOMOGENIZATION TREATMENT OF Mg-Al-Zn(MM)MAGNESIUM ALLOY INGOTS

The Mg-Al-Zn series AZ31 and AZ31 MM alloys are homogenized at 673, 723 and 753K respectively. The hardness of alloy ingots at different heat-treated states is measured and the micro structures are observed. The optimum annealing temperature is 723K and the time is 12h.     

AXIAL PHASES DISTRIBUTION AND HOMOGENIZATION IN THREE-PHASE FLUIDIZED BEDS

We have investigated the axial distribution of the liquid phase in a three-phase fluidized bed in which the particles were glass beads of two different diameters, 710-850 μm and 2 mm. Two methods were used to reduce the axial heterogeneity and homogenize the bed: the use of packing elements and the addition of a small quantity of a high molecular weight polymer. The use of packing elements was shown to be very efficient in controlling phases distribution in the bed. The packing consisted of 1 mm thick steel horizontal plates punched and stretched to obtain parallelogram-shaped openings. The addition of a high molecular weight polyisobutylene (BASF Oppanol B246, M_u, =6.15 Lo⁶) on the phase distribution was also studied. Low polymer concentrations up to 397 ppm (based on the liquid phase) were investigated. The addition of the polymer reduced bubble coalescence and allowed for a better distribution of the phases.