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1.
The Ag-Pd internal electrode of multilayer piezoelectric ceramics needs to be sintered below 1000°C, and lead wires and components need to be welded with lead-free solder at 260°C. PNN–PMW–PZT–xSr piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperature (Tc > 260°C) were synthesized at a low sintering temperature (960°C) to meet the requirements of multilayer piezoelectric devices. The relationship between structures (phase, domain, and microstructures) and electrical properties (piezo/ferroelectric properties, and dielectric relaxation) in the Sr2+ substituted ceramics was investigated. Rietveld refinement and Raman spectra show that Sr2+ substitution can cause the phase change and increase the force constant of [BO6] octahedron. The piezoelectric response increases with increasing the content of the tetragonal phase (CTP) in the rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) coexisted ceramics. The ceramics with 0.6 mol% Sr2+ substitution have minimum activation energy for domain wall movement (Ea) of 0.0362 eV which favors the formation of nanometer-sized domains, and possess excellent electrical properties (d33 = 623 pC/N, d33* =783 pm/V, Tc =295°C). The higher the CTP, the lower the Ea. The lower Ea favors the rotation of polarization direction and extension, and is beneficial to the generation of the nanometer-size domains, resulting in high piezoelectric properties.  相似文献   
2.
纳雍枝铅锌矿床是黔西北地区迄今研究程度较高的大型矿床之一,为探讨成矿物质来源和矿床成因,应用ICP-MS方法对该矿床的主要矿物闪锌矿和白云石进行了微量、稀土元素分析,结果表明:闪锌矿微量元素相对地壳元素丰度,富集Ga、Cd、Sb,贫In;白云石和围岩的稀土元素都具有富集LREE和低异常δEu(δEu<1)的特征,且白云石的稀土元素总量略高于围岩的稀土元素总量,表明成矿物质具有多源性;该矿床地质特征与MVT型矿床相似,结合lnω(Ga)-lnω(In)关系图解认为该矿床为MVT型矿床。  相似文献   
3.
邢美波  魏玉瑶  王瑞祥 《化工学报》2021,72(3):1684-1691
对ZnO/PbS异质结量子点太阳能电池的界面修饰及稳定性进行研究,采用ZnO电子传输层掺杂金属Mg及引入电子阻挡层两种界面修饰方法,制备了不同的量子点太阳能电池器件,并对其进行伏安特性测试。结果表明,界面修饰可调整界面能级结构、减少缺陷复合、增强电荷传输。经过界面修饰的器件获得了9.46%的光电转换效率(PCE),分别比未掺杂的器件(PCE为5.41%)和无电子阻挡层结构的器件(PCE为1.60%)提升了约75%和491%。此外,经过30 d的空气暴露后,界面修饰后的器件仍能保持原有PCE的95%以上。  相似文献   
4.
While the challenges associated with the stability of metal halide perovskites are well known and intensely studied, variability in electronic properties represents an equally significant, yet seldom studied, challenge that could potentially slow or inhibit the commercial viability of these systems. In this work, the contactless characterization technique time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) is used to quantify the variability in electronic properties of the prototypical perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) both between different samples, and at different locations within the same sample. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a quasi-automated image-analysis strategy, it is possible to evaluate the metrics of heterogeneity in surface microstructure and correlate them with the electronic properties as obtained by TRMC. Substantial intra-sample and inter-sample variation is observed in the mobility-yield product in samples prepared following differing protocols, and in samples prepared following identical protocols.  相似文献   
5.
Cesium lead halide perovskite(CsPbX3,X=Cl,Br,I)quantum dots(QDs)and their partly Mn2+-substituted QDs(CsPb1–xMnxX3)attract considerable attention owing to their unique photoluminescence(PL)efficiencies.The two types of QDs,having different PL decay dynamics,needed to be further investigated in a form of aggregates to understand their solid-state-induced exciton dynamics in conjunction with their behaviors upon degradation to achieve practical applications of those promising QDs.However,thus far,these QDs have not been sufficiently investigated to obtain deep insights related to the long-term stability of their PL properties as aggregated solid-states.Therefore,in this study,we comparatively examined CsPbX3-and CsPb1–xMnxX3-type QDs stocked for>50 d under dark ambient conditions by using excitation wavelength-dependent PL quantum yield and time-resolved PL spectroscopy.These investigations were performed with powder samples in addition to solutions to determine the influence of the inter-QD interaction of the aged QD aggregates on their radiative decays.It turns out that the Mn2+-substituted QDs exhibited long-lasting PL quantum efficiencies,while the unsubstituted CsPbX3-type QDs exhibited a drastic reduction of their PL efficiencies.And the obtained PL traces were clearly sensitive to the sample status.This is discussed with the possible interaction depending on the size and distance of the QD aggregates.  相似文献   
6.
为回收含铜44.7%的高铜铅冰铜中的有价金属, 进行了氧压酸浸实验研究。考察了初始硫酸浓度、氧压、时间、温度、液固比和木质素用量对浸出效果的影响, 结果表明, 氧压酸浸高铜铅冰铜的适宜工艺条件为: 浸出温度140 ℃、氧分压0.5 MPa、浸出时间4 h、液固比7∶1、初始硫酸浓度180 g/L, 该条件下Cu、As、Fe、Sb、Pb浸出率分别为99.57%、12.24%、86.33%、85.73%、38.10%, 实现了铜的高效浸出。浸出渣主要成分为PbSO4, 实现了铅冰铜中铜与铅的分离。木质素用量对铅冰铜中有价金属的浸出效果影响较小。  相似文献   
7.
以西北某废弃铅锌选矿厂为研究对象,分析场地土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Hg、Pb和Cd的含量变化及空间分布特征,对场地土壤进行健康风险评估,并通过主成分和相关性分析探究其来源途径。结果表明:Pb、As、Cd、Zn和Hg在场地土壤中均有不同程度超标,最大超标倍数分别为14.75、7.6、3.71、9.16和1.11,污染较严重的区域主要分布在生产车间、产品沉淀池、原料堆放区和产品堆放区,随着土壤深度的增加,超标重金属的含量均呈下降趋势。Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Pb和Cd的来源途径相同,可能与铅精粉和锌精粉的生产有关;Hg与其它重金属的来源途径无明显相关关系,可能是外来土壤造成的污染。根据场地健康风险评估结果,As、Pb和Cd超过了人体可接受风险水平,需尽快采取有效的修复手段和管控措施。  相似文献   
8.
针对水体的放射性监测问题,提出一种基于双闪烁体探测器的水中放射性连续监测装置。采用双闪烁体 联合设计,整合闪烁体优秀性能,发挥硬件最大效用,并在能谱解析和无源效率刻度方面进行优化,实现超低放射 性核素的快速识别和活度测量。结果表明,该方法可适用于大面积水域的快速巡回测量。  相似文献   
9.
The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.  相似文献   
10.
目的:探究贮藏时间、贮藏温度、酸性食品模拟物pH值、食品特性对陶瓷类食品接触材料中重金属铅向酸性食品模拟物迁移的影响规律。方法:通过全浸泡迁移实验并结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测得在不同温度、时间条件下,重金属铅向不同pH值的乙酸、柠檬酸和乳酸溶液中的溶出量,分析重金属铅溶出量与贮藏时间、贮藏温度、食品模拟物pH值、食品特性的关系。结果:重金属铅的溶出量随时间的延长、温度的升高而增加,平均溶出速率随温度的升高而加快,在240 h、20 ℃下4%(体积分数,下同)乙酸溶液中铅的质量浓度为3.276 mg/L,在70 ℃下为52.413 mg/L,平均溶出速率则由0.087 mg/(m2·h)增加到1.229 mg/(m2·h);铅的溶出量与食品模拟物的pH值呈负相关关系,在24 h、20 ℃下铅向pH 2.43的4%乙酸溶液和pH 1.93的20%乙酸溶液的溶出量分别为1.876 mg/L和2.412 mg/L;此外,铅的溶出量还与食品的特性有关,同样pH值条件下,含有羟基的酸性食品模拟物中铅溶出量更多。结论:贮藏时间、贮藏温度、食品模拟物pH值、食品特性都会对铅的溶出造成影响,铅的溶出量在迁移过程初期与时间的平方根呈线性关系,中后期与时间呈线性关系;铅的溶出量与温度的关系符合阿伦尼乌斯定律;与食品模拟物pH值符合对数函数关系。  相似文献   
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