危险化学品事故应急救援力量安全保障体系分析

首先分析了目前危险化学品事故应急救援自身力量的研究现状,然后从多个方面探索了危险化学品事故应急救援力量安全保障体系,以期不断提升这一特殊事故应急救援过程中的安全性。     

Microbial Upgrading of Acetate into Value-Added Products—Examining Microbial Diversity,Bioenergetic Constraints and Metabolic Engineering Approaches

Ecological concerns have recently led to the increasing trend to upgrade carbon contained in waste streams into valuable chemicals. One of these components is acetate. Its microbial upgrading is possible in various species, with Escherichia coli being the best-studied. Several chemicals derived from acetate have already been successfully produced in E. coli on a laboratory scale, including acetone, itaconic acid, mevalonate, and tyrosine. As acetate is a carbon source with a low energy content compared to glucose or glycerol, energy- and redox-balancing plays an important role in acetate-based growth and production. In addition to the energetic challenges, acetate has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, reducing growth rates, and limiting product concentrations. Moreover, extensive metabolic engineering is necessary to obtain a broad range of acetate-based products. In this review, we illustrate some of the necessary energetic considerations to establish robust production processes by presenting calculations of maximum theoretical product and carbon yields. Moreover, different strategies to deal with energetic and metabolic challenges are presented. Finally, we summarize ways to alleviate acetate toxicity and give an overview of process engineering measures that enable sustainable acetate-based production of value-added chemicals.     

废弃电子化学品处理处置标准现状及发展方向

重点介绍了废弃电子化学品定义、产生来源、处理处置现状、处理处置标准化现状及标准发展方向。从废弃电子化学品行业实际情况出发,具体分析了行业现状、处理处置水平及标准化工作的开展情况等。通过标准的制定实施,以及其创新驱动作用的发挥,规范了行业处理处置行为,推动行业科技进步,对全面提升废弃电子化学品处理处置技术水平,实现循环经济、绿色产业和资源化利用有着十分重要的作用。     

混合物联合暴露风险评估方法进展及其对我国构建相关体系借鉴作用

基于人类通过多种途径暴露于多种物质,以及混合物共存可能诱导联合毒性效应的现实,混合物联合暴露风险评估受到国际社会的广泛关注。许多国家依据各自提出的评估指南开展风险评估,其评估结果为科学决策提供依据。本文通过分析国际上混合物联合暴露风险评估模型构建方法和框架,探讨构建我国食品中混合物联合作用风险评估体系和框架。     

Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disorder, affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. It is a complex disease spectrum, closely linked with other conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, which may increase liver-related mortality. In light of this, numerous efforts have been carried out in recent years in order to clarify its pathogenesis and create new prevention strategies. Currently, the essential role of environmental pollutants in NAFLD development is recognized. Particularly, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have a notable influence. EDCs can be classified as natural (phytoestrogens, genistein, and coumestrol) or synthetic, and the latter ones can be further subdivided into industrial (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and alkylphenols), agricultural (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), residential (phthalates, polybrominated biphenyls, and bisphenol A), and pharmaceutical (parabens). Several experimental models have proposed a mechanism involving this group of substances with the disruption of hepatic metabolism, which promotes NAFLD. These include an imbalance between lipid influx/efflux in the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, liver inflammation, and epigenetic reprogramming. It can be concluded that exposure to EDCs might play a crucial role in NAFLD initiation and evolution. However, further investigations supporting these effects in humans are required.     

Reviews of clean coal conversion technology in China:Situations & challenges

It is important to develop the advanced coal to chemicals industry (ACCI) against a backdrop of coal-based energy structures,excessive imported oil and natural gas,and strict environmental con-straints in China.In this study,the technology and industry of China's ACCI are reviewed to explain the effect of using coal to replace oil and natural gas,and the corresponding resource and environmental burdens that this will create.Development trends in technology and industry are also proposed to explore future scenarios.The review shows that although excellent progress has been made on an indus-trial scale,demonstrative level,and in terms of technology and equipment,the lack of strategic under-standing,severe external constraints,partly underdeveloped technologies,and weak foundations must be immediately addressed.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the importance that the ACCI has on the energy revolution and energy system.Based on technological innovation,a variety of external factors should be considered as a whole with emphasis on filling the knowledge gap of theoretical foundations and industry standards to support high-quality development for ACCI.     

常见危险化学品泄漏处置方法研究

在对太原市危险化学品调查的基础上，根据突发环境事故应急处置的需要，提出了5种常见危险化学品泄漏应急处理的办法。     

Removal of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by activated sludge: a cautionary note

The removal of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) from solution was noted in die-aways in the presence of several activated sludges. The most rapid removal was noted with an industrial sludge, however, MBT was removed as rapidly by heat-killed as by “live” activated sludge. MBT could be removed from solution by other activated sludges but this occurrence is rather erratic. No evidence was obtained for biodegradation of MBT and it is suggested that this removal from solution is non-enzymic but is related to the presence of the sludge. Possible mechanisms are discussed.     

高锰酸盐预氧化/BAC处理受污染地表水

以某受污染地表水为处理对象,考察了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)预氧化与生物活性炭(BAC)联用的除污效能,并与生物活性炭单独处理的效果作了对比。结果表明,PPC预氧化强化了混凝去除有机物的效果,并提高了后续BAC工艺中微生物的活性,从而显著改善了BAC对有机物、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮等污染物的去除效果。