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1.
An acoustic emission (AE) experiment was carried out to explore the AE location accuracy influenced by temperature. A hollow hemispherical specimen was used to simulate common underground structures. In the process of heating with the flame, the pulse signal of constant frequency was stimulated as an AE source. Then AE signals received by each sensor were collected and used for comparing localization accuracy at different temperatures. Results show that location errors of AE keep the same phenomenon in the early and middle heating stages. In the later stage of heating, location errors of AE increase sharply due to the appearance of cracks. This provides some beneficial suggestions on decreasing location errors of structural cracks caused by temperature and improves the ability of underground structure disaster prevention and control.  相似文献   
2.
The realization of liquid metal-based wearable systems will be a milestone toward high-performance, integrated electronic skin. However, despite the revolutionary progress achieved in many other components of electronic skin, liquid metal-based flexible sensors still suffer from poor sensitivity due to the insufficient resistance change of liquid metal to deformation. Herein, a nacre-inspired architecture composed of a biphasic pattern (liquid metal with Cr/Cu underlayer) as “bricks” and strain-sensitive Ag film as “mortar” is developed, which breaks the long-standing sensitivity bottleneck of liquid metal-based electronic skin. With 2 orders of magnitude of sensitivity amplification while maintaining wide (>85%) working range, for the first time, liquid metal-based strain sensors rival the state-of-art counterparts. This liquid metal composite features spatially regulated cracking behavior. On the one hand, hard Cr cells locally modulate the strain distribution, which avoids premature cut-through cracks and prolongs the defect propagation in the adjacent Ag film. On the other hand, the separated liquid metal cells prevent unfavorable continuous liquid-metal paths and create crack-free regions during strain. Demonstrated in diverse scenarios, the proposed design concept may spark more applications of ultrasensitive liquid metal-based electronic skins, and reveals a pathway for sensor development via crack engineering.  相似文献   
3.
In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2 D simulation. Meanwhile, the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied. Based on those results, a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established, which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam. According to the results, the optimal coal pillar offset distance(the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars) between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage.The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.  相似文献   
4.
水闸属于薄壁大体积混凝土结构,实践表明,若不采取温控措施,尤其是低温季节施工的混凝土水闸结构在浇筑初期极易出现表面裂缝,后期易扩展为贯穿性裂缝。弄清各温控措施对水闸温度场、应力场及开裂风险的影响,是制定水闸温控指标和防裂措施的前提。以某在建的低温季节浇筑水闸工程为研究对象,利用三维有限元法,计算分析了在低温季节浇筑施工时水闸结构的温度场、应力场特性,重点进行了开裂风险的敏感性分析。结果表明,单一温控措施的防裂效果有限,控温浇筑、表面保温、冷却通水必须相互协调,能有效控制水闸温度应力并避免裂缝产生。  相似文献   
5.
Aluminoborate glasses have recently been found to feature high resistance to crack initiation during indentation due to a highly flexible network structure. In cesium aluminoborate glasses, it has been found that the use of a simple post-treatment, namely aging in a humid atmosphere, can further improve this resistance. To better understand the mechanical properties of this glass family upon humid aging, we here study the effect of aging conditions on the structure and mechanical properties of Li,K,Cs-aluminoborate glasses. As expected, we find that higher humidity and longer aging time cause more pronounced permeation of atmospheric water into the glasses. Due to their denser structure and stronger modifier-oxygen bonds, the humid aging has a relatively smaller effect on the mechanical properties of Li- and K-containing glasses relative to Cs-containing glasses, with the latter achieving an ultrahigh crack resistance. We find that the humid aging leads to the formation of a hydration layer in the Cs-aluminoborate glass surface, with a thickness of around 26 μm upon aging at 23 °C with 40% relative humidity for 7 days. Moreover, a remarkable indentation behavior, that is, the observation of μm-sized shear bands inside the imprint of the Cs-glass upon aging at 60% relative humidity is reported. Taken as a whole, the work provides guidelines for how to control the humid aging rate as a function of relative humidity and temperature to form a hydration layer and thus achieve improved crack resistance in such glasses.  相似文献   
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7.
放顶煤开采期间,上覆岩层受到矿压的影响,形成冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带,工作面采空区遗煤和围岩涌出的大量瓦斯飘浮在上方裂隙带区域,造成瓦斯聚集并向外涌出,形成了安全隐患,因此必须将该区域瓦斯抽出来;以往治理采空区瓦斯主要采用顶板裂隙高位钻场、顶板高抽巷等措施,但是这2种方法施工成本较高,且施工周期长,对生产接替影响较大。煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采采用大功率钻机+定向钻进技术,在裂隙带施工控制整个回采范围的长钻孔,减少采空区和邻近层瓦斯向工作面空间的流动,真正实现了“以孔代巷”,既节省了成本,又缩短了工期,还提高了采空区瓦斯抽采的连续性、稳定性,减少了采空区瓦斯向外涌出,提升了瓦斯抽采效果,促进了煤矿安全高效发展。  相似文献   
8.
Life assessment of structures weakened by interacting cracks represents an important and very challenging problem. Subsequently, the main objective of this paper is to address this problem by developing a new computational technique. It is based on the classical strip-yield model and plasticity-induced crack closure concept. It also utilises the 3D fundamental solution for an edge dislocation. The crack advance scheme adopts the cycle-by-cycle calculations of the effective stress intensity factors and crack increments. The modelling results are validated against an experimental study focusing on fatigue behaviour of two closely spaced collinear cracks in wide plates with different thicknesses. It is confirmed that non-linear effects associated with crack interaction have a significant influence on fatigue life and cannot be disregarded in life and integrity assessments of structural components.  相似文献   
9.
 72B线材在绕簧过程中发生了断裂现象。利用金相显微镜对断口附近的金相组织、非金属夹杂物和表面形貌等进行了分析。结果表明:钢丝表面有损伤,且损伤部位出现横向裂纹和形变马氏体,这是导致绕簧过程中发生断裂的主要原因。针对断裂产生的原因,提出具体的改进措施。  相似文献   
10.
In order to improve the accuracy of bridge crack detection, retain details, and get information on the crack width, the paper proposes a pixel-wise and small sample crack detection method by using U-Net convolutional neural networks. The method uses a U-Net network to extract crack features automatically by using multi-layer convolutions, and uses the superposition of the shallow network and deep network to realize the fusion of local features and abstract features of cracks. This method can retain the details of cracks and greatly improve the accuracy of detection. In order to refine the detection results, the paper presents the threshold method and an improved Dijkstra minimum spanning tree algorithm for eliminating noise and pseudo cracks. Finally, an eight-direction searching method is applied to measure the width of cracks in pixels. Experiments prove that the proposed method can accurately and completely detect bridge cracks and measure the width, which can meet the application requirements.  相似文献   
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