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1.
风电和光伏发电具有间歇性和随机性,为了降低在多源联合发电系统中的弃风弃光率,采用含氢储能系统和火电机组配合来平滑风电和光电机组出力。文中以系统运行成本最小和弃电惩罚成本最小为目标,以系统功率平衡、火电机组出力和爬坡、热备用、风电和光电出力及储能系统储氢罐容量、电解槽和燃料电池功率等为约束条件构建了多源联合发电系统日前调度模型。通过YALMIP工具箱对模型进行编程,并调用CPLEX对编写的程序进行求解。对含有风电、光电、火电机组以及储能系统的多源联合发电系统进行算例分析,通过对比有无储能系统的弃风弃光量和系统总运行成本,证明了含氢储能系统可以有效降低系统的弃风弃光率,并提高系统的经济性。  相似文献   
2.
综合能源系统因多能互补、协调优化等特性受到了广泛关注,但该系统的热电机组在运行时的调峰能力具有一定局限性。为降低综合能源系统的用能成本,提升系统的用能效率,改善其调峰能力,文中提出了一种考虑可平移负荷的综合能源系统动态优化调度策略。该策略以系统的整体运维成本最小化为目标,结合可平移负荷和相关算例构建仿真模型,并采用自适应混沌粒子群算法进行求解。结果表明在引入可平移负荷时,多能源微网能够较好地达到削峰填谷目的,并降低系统综合运行成本,实现节能减排效果。同时,文中将传统粒子群算法与自适应混沌粒子群算法作比较,证明了自适应混沌粒子群算法在精度与效率上都优于传统的粒子群算法。  相似文献   
3.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(3):101156
In this paper, a newly developed 3-dimentional discrete element model (DEM) for gravel-rubber mixtures (GRMs), namely DEM4GRM, that is capable of accurately describing the macro-scale shear response (from small to large deformation) of GRMs in a direct shear box apparatus is presented. Rigid gravel grains are modelled as simple multi-shape clumps, while soft rubber particles are modeled by using deformable 35-ball body-centered-cubic clusters. Mixtures are prepared with different volumetric rubber content (VRC) at 0, 10, 25, 40 and 100%, statically compressed under 30, 60 and 100 kPa vertical stress and then sheared, by closely simulating a reference laboratory test procedure. The variation of micro-scale factors such as fabric, normal and tangential force anisotropy is carefully examined throughout the shearing process and described by means of novel micro-mechanical relationships valid for GRMs. Moreover, strong-force chains are scrutinized to identify the transition from rigid to soft granular skeleton and gain insights on the load transfer and deformation mechanisms of GRMs. It is shown that the development of the fabric and force anisotropy during shearing is closely related to the macro-scale shear strength of GRMs, and strongly depends on the VRC. Besides, strong-force chains appear to be primarily formed by gravel-gravel contacts (resulting in a rigid-like mechanical behavior) up to VRC = 30%, and by rubber-rubber contacts (causing a soft-like mechanical response) beyond VRC = 60%. Alternatively, at 30% < VRC < 60%, gravel-rubber contacts are predominant in the strong-force network and an intermediate mechanical behavior is observed. This is consistent with the behavioral trends observed in the macro- and micro-mechanical responses.  相似文献   
4.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(5):101215
This technical report on the compression behavior of soft soils in the Colombian capital, Bogotá, was conducted because the city’s recent construction history has led to excessive settlement of soils in the city over the last forty years. Several studies have shown the city’s soil to contain unusually high concentrations of diatoms. The stationary piston method was used to obtain samples from depths of between five and 100 m. Samples were subsequently examined in the laboratory, being subjected to triaxial and oedometer compression tests, and tested also for Atterberg limits and grain size distributions. Test results for undisturbed soil returned very high liquid limit values, compressibility indices CC, secondary compression coefficients Cα, and soil structure effects. Some samples showed particle mixtures of different sizes, mineralogy, and diatom concentrations. Although high CC and Cα indices explain the excessive settling of the city’s buildings, most construction projects do not currently take settlement caused by secondary compression into account. This report shows that secondary compression is an important parameter in the total settlement of buildings in Bogotá and that, furthermore, settlement is also affected by geological history. Finally, useful correlations such as the relationship between the liquid limit, Cα and geological history are presented.  相似文献   
5.
As a new type of material for civil engineering projects, the rubber and sand mixture is widely used in roadbed fillers, offering environmental benefits over traditional tyre disposal methods. This study uses a large-scale direct shear apparatus to examine the interface shear properties of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture, considering different particle size ratios (r), rubber contents, and normal stresses. Based on indoor tests, direct shear models of the mixture with different values of r are established in PFC3D, revealing the meso-mechanical mechanism of the mixture in the direct shear process. The results show that when r is greater than 1, incorporating a certain amount of rubber particles can increase the shear strength of the mixture. The r values of 15.78, 7.63, and 3.98 correspond to an optimal rubber content of 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. When r is less than 1, mixing rubber particles can only reduce the shear strength of the mixture. When the rubber content is low, the smaller the value of r, the greater is the thickness of the shear band. Furthermore, the normal and tangential contact forces are greater. The fabric anisotropy evolution law of the mixture is consistent with the change in the contact force distribution.  相似文献   
6.
The paper investigates the feasibility of using fine-grained soil as backfill material of geosynthetic-reinforced walls and slopes, through a laboratory study on pullout behavior of geogrids in granular layers. A series of pullout tests was carried out on an HDPE uniaxial geogrid in thin sand and gravel layers that were embedded in clay specimens.Aside from different soil arrangements, the influences of moisture content and overburden pressure on the geogrid pullout behavior is assessed and discussed. The tests were carried out at four different gravimetric water contents (GWC) on the dry and wet sides of the clay optimum moisture content (OMC), and overburden pressure values within the range σv = 25–100 kPa. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to capture digital images during the tests, which were processed to help with the interpretation and improved understanding of the soil-geogrid interactions at different GWC values. Results show that embedding geogrid reinforcement in layers of sand or gravel can significantly increase the pullout resistance in an otherwise moist clay backfill, and this improved pullout efficiency is greater at higher overburden pressures. The improvement in pullout capacity was observed in clay specimens compacted at both the dry and wet sides of the OMC.  相似文献   
7.
The aim of this paper is to measure and benchmark the environmental performance of Portuguese utilities jointly active in the three sectors of water supply, wastewater collection and solid waste management. To do so, we suggest the use of a traditional (optimistic) directional distance Benefit of the Doubt index. We complement the analysis by considering also the pessimistic version of the proposed BoD and by implementing a robust and conditional approach. The obtained results show that there is space for improvement in the pressure balance of these utilities, especially for small and very large units, mostly operating in urban areas.  相似文献   
8.
Studying the price elasticity of demand is essential when considering rate policies in the electricity sector. This research aims to perform a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of the price elasticity of electricity demand for the residential sector in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Results show that the true value of the short-term price elasticity is between −0.197 and −0.468 and, for the long-term, is between −0.252 and −0.331. Findings differ substantially when studies are classified by their quality in econometric procedures. The long-term price elasticity seems to be lower than estimates found for other regions.  相似文献   
9.
斗栱节点是传统木结构重要抗侧构件之一,在竖向和水平荷载作用下具有摇摆与剪切抗侧协同的工作机制。根据斗栱节点摇摆与剪切变形,基于斗栱节点的几何物理参数及木材力学性能参数,以及已有传统木结构抗侧构件荷载-位移骨架曲线表征方法,给出了斗栱节点在竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下抗侧弹性极限荷载点、峰值荷载点及其切线刚度的计算方法,从而建立了斗栱节点侧向荷载-位移关系的解析模型。基于单、双斗栱节点在不同竖向荷载作用下的水平低周反复加载试验结果,验证了模型预测结果的准确性。研究表明,斗栱节点侧向荷载-位移模型可以较好地反映在模型弹性段和上升段斗栱节点的工作状态,但对峰值荷载的估计偏于保守。  相似文献   
10.
分析了含有安全约束和备用的智能调度系统构架以及具体模块的相应功能。针对智能调度关键技术,分析了多级安全校核、基于大数据的实时数据分析与采集、调控一体化实时预警和新能源市场交易校核等内容的流程和方法。结合备用和安全约束提出了含有相关约束条件的调度模型。利用仿真模型验证了含有安全备用约束的模型正确性,通过对比分析说明了模型的有效性。  相似文献   
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