Friction compensation controller for load varying machine tool feed drive

The load applied to a machine tool feed drive changes during the machining process as material is removed. This load change alters the Coulomb friction of the feed drive. Because Coulomb friction accounts for a large part of the total friction the friction compensation control accuracy of the feed drives is limited if this nonlinear change in the applied load is not considered. This paper presents a new friction compensation method that estimates the machine tool load in real time and considers its effect on friction characteristics. A friction observer based on a Kalman filter with load estimation is proposed for friction compensation control considering the applied load change. A specially designed feed drive testbed that enables the applied load to be modified easily was constructed for experimental verification. Control performance and friction estimation accuracy are demonstrated experimentally using the testbed.     

Graphite Oxide and Aromatic Amines: Size Matters

Experimental and theoretical studies are performed in order to illuminate, for first time, the intercalation mechanism of polycyclic aromatic molecules into graphite oxide. Two representative molecules of this family, aniline and naphthalene amine are investigated. After intercalation, aniline molecules prefer to covalently connect to the graphene oxide matrix via chemical grafting, while napthalene amine molecules bind with the graphene oxide surface through π–π interactions. The presence of intercalated aromatic molecules between the graphene oxide layers is demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction, while the type of interaction between graphene oxide and polycyclic organic molecules is elucidated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical calculations describe the intercalation mechanism and the aniline grafting, rationalizing the experimental data. The present work opens new perspectives for the interaction of various aromatic molecules with graphite oxide and the so‐called “intercalation chemistry”.     

Automated network management and configuration using Probabilistic Trans-Algorithmic Search

Online configuration of large-scale systems such as networks requires parameter optimization within a limited amount of time, especially when configuration is needed as a response to recover from a failure in the system. To quickly configure such systems in an online manner, we propose a Probabilistic Trans-Algorithmic Search (PTAS) framework which leverages multiple optimization search algorithms in an iterative manner. PTAS applies a search algorithm to determine how to best distribute available experiment budget among multiple optimization search algorithms. It allocates an experiment budget to each available search algorithm and observes its performance on the system-at-hand. PTAS then probabilistically reallocates the experiment budget for the next round proportional to each algorithm’s performance relative to the rest of the algorithms. This “roulette wheel” approach probabilistically favors the more successful algorithm in the next round. Following each round, the PTAS framework “transfers” the best result(s) among the individual algorithms, making our framework a trans-algorithmic one. PTAS thus aims to systematize how to “search for the best search” and hybridize a set of search algorithms to attain a better search. We use three individual search algorithms, i.e., Recursive Random Search (RRS) (Ye and Kalyanaraman, 2004), Simulated Annealing (SA) (Laarhoven and Aarts, 1987), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) (Goldberg, 1989), and compare PTAS against the performance of RRS, GA, and SA. We show the performance of PTAS on well-known benchmark objective functions including scenarios where the objective function changes in the middle of the optimization process. To illustrate applicability of our framework to automated network management, we apply PTAS on the problem of optimizing link weights of an intra-domain routing protocol on three different topologies obtained from the Rocketfuel dataset. We also apply PTAS on the problem of optimizing aggregate throughput of a wireless ad hoc network by tuning datarates of traffic sources. Our experiments show that PTAS successfully picks the best performing algorithm, RRS or GA, and allocates the time wisely. Further, our results show that PTAS’ performance is not transient and steadily improves as more time is available for search.     

灵芝菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及其单糖组成分析与分子量测定

前期杂交优化后赤芝菌种经液体深层发酵后,提取灵芝菌丝体多糖,并过DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱分离纯化,利用高效体积排阻色谱(HPSEC)检测多糖级分的纯度,采用完全酸水解PMP柱前衍生化RP—HPLC测定多糖级分的单糖组成,多角度光散射仪联用装置(SEC—MALLS)测定其绝对重均分子量(Mw),并且根据分子旋转半径与分子摩尔数的关系曲线斜率初步推断其空间构象。结果显示:分离纯化得到3个多糖级分GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3,HPSEC检测其峰面积百分比分别为93.58%,97.64%,99.19%,单糖组成分析结果表明GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3均含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和岩藻糖,但单糖摩尔比各异。SEC—MALLS测试GLMP1、GLMP2和GLMP3的Mw分别为4.526×105,4.603×104,3.760×103 g/mol,3个多糖级分构象可能均为高度紧缩且具有分支结构的聚合物。     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定基础油PAO的相对分子质量及分布

聚α-烯烃是一种性能优良的润滑油基础油，其相对分子质量及分布直接影响宏观性能。本研究建立了一种用于表征1-癸烯齐聚物相对分子质量及分布的方法。采用带示差折光检测器的凝胶渗透色谱系统，综合考虑分离效果和测试可操作性，优化了流动相流速和凝胶色谱柱的组合方式。以四氢呋喃为流动相，流速为0.8 mL/min，色谱柱组合方式为Styragel HR 0.5,Styragel HR 1,PLGEL 3μm MIXED-E三柱串联，以聚苯乙烯作为标准样品，采用普适校正方法处理色谱流出曲线。此方法测得样品的质均相对分子质量与凝胶渗透色谱-光散射法所测定结果相比较，相对误差相对偏差在3%以内。     

无油分子泵机组的组装

介绍了将ALCATEL公司生产的一台ATPl00涡轮分子泵、一台MDP50ll牵引分子泵及一台VRC公司生产的lBy6型干泵组装成无油分子泵机组的过程。文中给出了泵间配合的计算、机组方案的设计、连接管路、仪器支架的设计及选择。本机组所采取的设计方案使三个泵都最大限度地发挥了优点避免了缺陷，较好地满足了使用要求，为今后选购单泵和组装无油分子泵机组提供了可靠的理论和实验依据。     

NSA-500-1型氩弧焊机VD9不同接法对引弧和稳弧的影响

从一起NSA－500－1型氩弧焊机故障，分析其高压脉冲旁路二极管VD9不同接法对引弧、稳弧及设备安全的影响。     

超高分子量聚乙烯的辐照效应

通过密度测定和ＤＳＣ热分析，观测了超高分子量聚乙烯的辐射效应。实验结果表明：在吸收剂量０—１．１３ＭＧｙ范围内，密度随吸收剂量的增加而增大，熔化热和熔点也有所增加，特别是在低剂量范围内增加十分明显。以上结果都说明，超高分子量聚乙烯在辐照过程中，结晶在完善或有新的结晶形成     

MPID─TOF质谱的快速时间分辨微弱信号测试系统

把瞬态记录仪Ｂｉｏｍａｔｉｏｎ８ｌ００与微型计算机ＩＢＭ─ｐＣ／ＸＴ联接建成了一个高速数据采集系统，本文介绍了系统的硬件接口设计及软件设计。在超声分子束条件下，把它应用于环氧乙烷（Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿４Ｏ）的多光子电离与离解飞行时间（ＭＰＩＤ─ＴＯＦ）质谱的实验研究中，并给出了实验结果；本系统在微观基元化学反应动力学实验研究中广泛适用于对时间分辨微弱信号的探测。     

Materials modelling: A bridge from atoms to bulk properties

The use of molecular-level materials modelling techniques in the development of advanced performance polymers is discussed, with particular emphasis upon bridging the large difference in the scales of dimensions between atomic structure and fabricated parts. The advantages and disadvantages of bulk quantitative structure-property relations and atomistic modelling are assessed, and the method of group interaction modelling is suggested as a means of bridging the dimensional scales.After a brief introduction to the concept of group interaction modelling, examples of modelling the engineering properties of polymers are presented which are difficult to model quantitatively by any other means. The important phase transitions from the crystal and glassy states of matter to those of rubber- and liquidlike states are shown quantitatively to be due to the same isoenergetic condition. The viscoelastic properties of a polymer are critical for many applications and expressions are derived for the loss and storage components of the complex modulus, with reference to failure initiation conditions. The effect of crosslinking in thermosets upon the glass transition temperature and viscoelastic properties is outlined. Finally, the scaling of time from atomic vibrations to the years involved in creep and ageing effects are discussed.