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《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(2):101106
This study investigates three aspects of the dynamic response of earth-core rockfill dams (ECRDs) under earthquake loadings, including induced shear strain, increased fundamental period, and shear modulus reduction. A database of the recorded ground motions of ECRD cases in Japan is analyzed to carry out this study. The required response parameters as mentioned above are extracted by analyzing the acceleration time histories recorded at the dams’ crests and foundations. Subsequently, statistical analyses are performed to achieve the objectives of this study. A graph is developed describing the change in the dam’s fundamental period with the induced shear strain, and it is observed that the increase of the dam’s period is dependent on the increase in the shear strain levels. A relationship is established to estimate the anticipated levels of shear strain from the intensity measure (IM) of the earthquake signals. In the proposed predictive relationship, a new IM is used that can adequately characterize the severity of an earthquake. Finally, a curve and a range are suggested for the average shear modulus degradation of the ECRD’s core materials. The presented empirical graphs and relationships in this study are valuable tools to obtain an appropriate perception of dams’ nonlinear behaviour under strong earthquake excitations.  相似文献   
3.
近年来页岩气的勘探开发实践表明其产量与压力系数呈正相关关系,但准确的地震预测难度较大。页岩气储层富含有机质及有机质孔隙,其矿物组分及微观结构相比常规储层更复杂。为此,构建了一种适用于海相页岩的岩石物理模型,并提出了一种基于该模型的页岩地层压力系数预测技术。首先结合页岩储层微观结构特征,针对骨架矿物的差异性,分别采用自洽(SCA)模型和微分等效介质(DEM)模型模拟得到背景介质,结合孔隙及流体等特征,建立等效岩石物理模型;进而通过计算背景介质体积模量及饱和流体等效岩石体积模量,发现两者的差异与实钻井压力系数正相关,并建立地震预测模型;最后推导建立了基于Gray近似弹性阻抗的体积模量直接反演方法,实现了页岩地层体积模量及压力系数的定量预测。实际数据试验表明预测结果与实钻井及后验井吻合度较高。  相似文献   
4.
为解决木梁与预制混凝土板之间的界面连接问题,针对预制装配式木-混凝土斜交螺钉剪力件的受剪性能进行了试验与理论研究。共设计了5组推出试验,控制参数包括装配式与现浇式、螺钉直径、螺钉贯入深度以及螺钉布置方式等。试验结果表明:各组试件中螺钉的破坏模式与螺钉长细比密切相关;由于倾斜钢套筒预埋件对螺钉的锚固作用,装配式剪力件的滑移刚度相较现浇式提高了约35%;剪力件的受剪性能随螺钉直径或贯入深度的增加而提升。此外,基于既有斜交螺钉受剪理论,提出了装配式斜交螺钉剪力件的6种理论破坏模式,并将解析理论与半经验公式相结合,给出了剪力件滑移刚度的计算方法。对比理论结果与各组试件破坏模式、承载力和滑移刚度试验结果,两者吻合均良好。  相似文献   
5.
为了研究氧化镁膨胀剂与水化热调控剂复掺对混凝土抗裂性能的影响,探讨水化热调控剂的作用机理,开展了单掺氧化镁及水化热调控剂与氧化镁复掺对混凝土水化热、绝热温升、限制膨胀率、体积变形、自收缩、弹性模量及微观结构的影响研究。结果表明:水化热调控剂可显著改变水泥水化放热历程,净浆抑温率可达31.2%,随入模温度升高,抑温效果增强;水化热调控剂可激发氧化镁的水化,促进膨胀能的释放,随养护温度提升,作用效果更显著;水化热调控剂可改变混凝土温升历程,特别是降低混凝土早期水化热释放速率;水化热调控剂与氧化镁复掺可降低混凝土自收缩,当水化热调控剂掺量为0.2%和0.4%(质量分数)时,混凝土收缩值分别减少了84 με和54 με;水化热调控剂会导致混凝土早龄期弹性模量降低,但对长龄期弹性模量影响不大;水化热调控剂对水泥水化历程、水化产物生成及微观结构密实程度的改变是提高混凝土抗裂性能的根本原因。  相似文献   
6.
以地下深部花岗岩为试验材料,利用GAW-2000微机控制电液伺服岩石单轴试验机进行分级循环加卸载试验,研究在同一递增荷载幅度条件下,试件的抗压强度、变形、破坏特征、残余应变以及弹性模量的变化趋势。结果表明:在单轴分级循环加卸载试验作用下,岩样的峰值强度随着每级循环次数的增加呈现递减趋势,且单调荷载应力-应变曲线包络住循环荷载应力-应变曲线;岩样破坏特征主要以剪切破坏为主,随着循环次数增加,破坏裂纹更加分散;岩样在加载过程中,岩体内部的结构在不断地调整,导致结构面变得密集与裂隙间更加闭合,卸载时回弹变形有滞后现象,加载起点与卸载终点不重合;轴向弹性、残余应变与环向弹性、残余应变随循环次数变化的规律具有相似性,岩样弹性模量曲线的趋势以“波浪形”的规律交替变化。  相似文献   
7.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(1):101089
In recent years, the mechanical properties of frozen soils under complex stress states have attracted significant attention; however, limited by the test apparatus, true triaxial tests on frozen soils have rarely been conducted. To study the strength and deformation properties of frozen sand under a true triaxial stress state, a novel frozen soil testing system, i.e., a true triaxial apparatus, was developed. The apparatus is mainly composed of a temperature control system, a servo host system, a hydraulic servo loading system, and a digital control system. Several true triaxial tests were conducted at a constant minor principal stress (σ3) and constant intermediate principal stress ratio (b) to study the effect of intermediate principal stress (σ2) on the mechanical properties of frozen sand. The test results showed that the stress–strain curve can be mainly divided into three stages, with evidence of strain hardening characteristics. The strength, elastic modulus, and friction angle increased with the increase in b from 0 to 0.6, but decreased when increasing b from 0.6 to 1, whereas the cohesion varied little with the variation in b. The deformation in the direction of σ2 changed from dilative to compressive and that in the direction of σ3 remained dilative throughout.  相似文献   
8.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(1):101098
Natural pumiceous (NP) sands containing pumice particles, a type of volcanic soil, are commonly found in the central part of the North Island in New Zealand. The pumice particles are highly crushable, compressible, lightweight and angular, making engineering assessment of their properties problematic. In this paper, several series of bender element and undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted and undisturbed NP sands to determine their small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR). Furthermore, similar tests were also conducted on normal hard-grained sands (e.g., Toyoura sand) for the purpose of comparison. The results showed that the NP sands have considerably lower Gmax compared to normal sands, resulting in their higher deformability during the initial stages of the cyclic loading test. The high angularity of NP sands play an important role toward the end of the cyclic loading and contributed to their higher CRR. Next, the ratio of CRR/Gmax for each sample was correlated to a level of strain denoted as cyclic yield strain (εay), which was found to be significantly dependent on the percentages of pumice particles present in the natural soils. On the other hand, the εay was found to be less sensitive to the consolidation stress (σc) and the relative density (Dr) of the materials. For example, over different values of σc and Dr, NP sands have substantially higher values of cyclic yield strain due to their lower Gmax and higher CRR when compared with those of ordinary sands.  相似文献   
9.
One major research topic is to characterize the mechanical behaviour of actual reinforced pavement structures from laboratory experimentation and take it into account for the design. This investigation aims to verify the effect of fiberglass geogrid presence on interface linear viscoelastic (LVE) behaviour separately and as a system along with the bituminous mixture layers. To conduct the research, two different fiberglass geogrids, with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 100 and 50 kN/m, and tack coat made of straight-run bitumen and modified by polymer were combined for the fabrication of three reinforced configurations. In addition, two unreinforced configurations were also fabricated. The first was a single layer slab and the second was a double-layered slab composed of two bituminous mixtures (same type) bonded layers by a tack coat. Complex modulus tests were carried out in specimens cored in two different directions, vertically (V) and horizontally (H) cored. The experimental data were fitted using the 2 Springs, 2 Parabolic Elements and 1 Dashpot (2S2P1D) model. The test results showed that all interfaces’ complex modulus obtained for V specimens were LVE. Moreover, complex viscous properties of the interfaces were obtained from the used binder. The interface containing polymer modification presented the highest stiffness.  相似文献   
10.
丁琴  陶明  李响 《黄金科学技术》2022,30(2):243-253
混凝土是巷道支护过程中的重要建筑材料,然而混凝土在巷道施工中常常出现质量问题,为了不影响正常生产,需要对其进行修补。地聚合物混凝土凝结时间快,早期强度高,界面结合能力强,耐高温性和抗冻性强,耐腐蚀性良好,具有用作修补材料的潜力。以粉煤灰和矿粉为原料,Na2SiO3溶液和NaOH为碱激发剂制备地聚合物胶砂,研究不同的碱激发剂模数(1.0、1.2、1.4)和掺量(10%、15%、20%)对不同龄期胶砂力学性能的影响。结果表明:当碱激发剂模数为1.2,碱掺量为15%时,胶砂强度达到最大值。设计正交试验,研究了不同水胶比(0.45、0.50、0.55)、粉煤灰掺量(30%、50%、70%)和砂率(30%、35%、40%)对不同龄期地聚合物混凝土的工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰掺量对抗压强度影响最为显著,水胶比次之,而砂率对强度发展几乎没有影响。最优的配合比为水胶比为0.50,粉煤灰掺量为50%,砂率为35%。  相似文献   
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