Thermal buckling analysis of FGM sandwich truncated conical shells reinforced by FGM stiffeners resting on elastic foundations using FSDT

This work presents an analytical approach to investigate the mechanical and thermal buckling of functionally graded materials sandwich truncated conical shells resting on Pasternak elastic foundations, subjected to thermal load and axial compressive load. Shells are reinforced by closely spaced stringers and rings, in which the material properties of shells and stiffeners are graded in the thickness direction following a general sigmoid law distribution and a general power law distribution. Four models of coated shell-stiffener arrangements are investigated. The change of spacing between stringers in the meridional direction also is taken into account. Two cases on uniform temperature rise and linear temperature distribution through the thickness of shell are considered. Using the first-order shear deformation theory, Lekhnitskii smeared stiffener technique and the adjacent equilibrium criterion, the linearization stability equations have been established. Approximate solution satisfies simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin method is applied to obtain closed-form expression for determining the critical compression buckling load and thermal buckling load in cases uniform temperature rise and linear temperature distribution across the shell thickness. The effects of temperature, foundation, core layer, coating layer, stiffeners, material properties, dimensional parameters and semi-vertex angle on buckling behaviors of shell are shown.     

A semi-analytical approach for linear and non-linear analysis of unstiffened laminated composite cylinders and cones under axial,torsion and pressure loads

A semi-analytical model for the non-linear analysis of simply supported, unstiffened laminated composite cylinders and cones using the Ritz method and the Classical Laminated Plate Theory is proposed. A matrix notation is used to formulate the problem using Donnell׳s and Sanders׳ non-linear equations. The approximation functions proposed are capable to simulate the elephant׳s foot effect, a common phenomenon and a common failure mode for cylindrical and conical structures under axial compression. Axial, torsion and pressure loads can be applied individually or combined, and solutions for linear static, linear buckling and non-linear buckling analyses are presented and verified using a commercial finite element software. The presented non-linear buckling analyses used perturbation loads to create the initial geometric imperfections, showing the capability of the method for arbitrary imperfection patterns. The linear stiffness matrices are integrated analytically and for the conical structures an approximation is proposed to overcome the non-integrable expressions.     

Evaluation of behavior of the secondary columns in semi-supported steel shear walls

Semi-supported steel shear walls (SSSW), whose steel plate is connected to secondary columns rather than main columns of the frame, have been considered as an alternative steel shear walls to the traditional type. Many investigations have been made for proportionate designing of components of SSSW system. One of the important issues in this regard is the out of plane buckling of the secondary columns. In this paper, the plastic theory of structures is utilized to find out the axial force distribution, along the compressive column. Then, using energy method, for an assumed shear wall with specific geometry and material and a given shear force, the maximum overturning moment that makes the compressive secondary column buckles, can be determined. Repeating this method, for various shear forces, makes it possible to draw some interaction curves between overturning moments and shear forces. These curves can be used to analyze and design of semi-supported steel shear walls.     

Buckling and post-buckling behaviour of elastic seven-layered cylindrical shells – FEM study

The paper is devoted to buckling and post-buckling problems of an elastic seven-layered cylindrical shell under uniformly distributed pressure. The shell is an untypical sandwich structure composed of main corrugated core and two three-layer faces. Numerical FEM model for the shell has been elaborated. The calculations have been performed with the use of the ANSYS code for elastic shells of different dimensions. The linear and non-linear analyses of the shells have been performed with the use of the finite elements method. Critical pressure and equilibrium paths for the family of seven-layered shells subjected to uniformly distributed external pressure are calculated. The influence of corrugation pitch of main core and the length of the shell on the critical pressure has been determined. The results of these investigations are presented on the graphs.     

Numerical evaluation on shell buckling of empty thin-walled steel tanks under wind load according to current American and European design codes

Liquid storage steel tanks are vertical above-ground cylindrical shells and as typical thin-walled structures, they are very sensitive to buckling under wind loads, especially when they are empty or at low liquid level. Previous studies revealed discrepancies in buckling resistance of empty tanks between the design method proposed by the American Standard API 650 and the analytical formulas recommended by the European Standard EN1993-1-6 and EN1993-4-2. This study presents a comparison between the provisions of current design codes by performing all types of numerical buckling analyses recommended by Eurocodes (i.e. LBA-linear elastic bifurcation analysis, GNA-geometrically nonlinear elastic analysis of the perfect tank and GNIA-geometrically nonlinear elastic analysis of the imperfect tank). Such analyses are performed in order to evaluate the buckling resistance of two existing thin-walled steel tanks, with large diameters and variable wall thickness. In addition, a discussion is unfolded about the differences between computational and analytical methods and the conservatism that the latter method imposes. An influence study on the geometric imperfections and the boundary conditions is also conducted. Investigation on the boundary conditions at the foot of the tank highlights the sensitivity to the fixation of the vertical translational degree of freedom. Further, it is indicated that the imperfection magnitude recommended by the EN1993-1-6 is extremely unfavorable when applied to large diameter tanks. Comments and conclusions achieved could be helpful in order to evaluate the safety of the current design codes and shed more light towards the most accurate one.     

Molecular Dynamics Study of Radial Corrugation in Carbon Nanotubes

Molecular dynamics simulations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under hydrostatic pressure are performed to elucidate the novel class of radial buckling in the systems. It is revealed by all-atom simulations that the initial circular cross section transforms into a flower-like wavy configuration at critical pressure on the order of hundreds mega pascals or less. This kind of radial buckling, called radial corrugation, originates from the competition of the three relevant energies in the system: in-plane strain energy, van der Waals interaction energy between adjacent tubes, and out-of-plane bending energy. Their possible consequences for physical properties of carbon nanotubes are also discussed.     

A comprehensive study on the size-dependent hygrothermal analysis of exponentially graded microplates on elastic foundations

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of hygrothermal conditions on various behaviors, such as bending, free vibration, mechanical and thermal buckling, of exponentially graded microplates lying on two-parameter elastic foundations are investigated. The trigonometric four-variable plate theory incorporated to the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is employed to derive the equations of motion. The present MCST contains an internal material length scale parameter, thus it can capture the size effect. The microplate is assumed to be subjected to a temperature rise and moisture concentration which are varied linearly through the thickness of the plate. Based on an exponential law, the material properties of the microplate are graded only in z direction. The equations of motion are solved analytically to obtain the displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies and critical buckling load and temperature of the microplates. The present results are validated by comparing them with those previously published. The numerical examples reveal that considering the size effect and/or the elastic foundations leads to an increment in plate stiffness and thereby leads to a decrement in the deflection and an increment in eigenfrequency and buckling loads. It is also shown that the size effect is negligible for the thicker plate.     

基于ABAQUS地震激励下风力机结构损伤分析

高耸的风力机塔架结构属于典型的顶部附有大集中质量的细长柔性体的力学结构，相比传统建筑结构差异性较大，极易受到地震载荷影响。基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立风力机塔架、基础平台和土体模型，通过FAST导出风轮非定常推力，作用在塔顶机舱，土体底部施加地震加速度时间序列，进行风力机结构模态分析、稳定性分析和动力学响应分析。研究表明：塔架主要的运动形式为摇摆运动和弯曲振动；塔架一阶固有频率为0.290 Hz，大于风轮的额定旋转频率0.202 Hz，因此叶片旋转不会引起风力机塔架发生共振；风载荷作用下，塔架发生横向屈曲，屈曲位置位于塔架底部且随模态阶数增大而逐渐向上发展，屈曲因子较大；地震载荷作用下，塔架发生纵向屈曲，屈曲位置同样位于塔架底部且随模态阶数增大而逐渐向上发展，较风载荷发生屈曲区域相对更大，屈曲因子相对较小。     

弹塑性煤柱的应力场计算

为解决煤柱强度与刚度的计算问题，首先要进行应力场分析．现场观测结果表明，煤柱边缘存在塑性区，进行其应力场分析时考虑煤柱的塑性软化是非常必要的．根据煤样力学性能测试结果，把煤柱应力应变曲线的塑性软化阶段近似为三次曲线，应用煤层塑性软化理论，推导出了顸板弯曲方程．应用解析方法求解，得到采空区和煤柱弹性区的变形；采用数值方法——改进的欧拉法求解，得到塑性软化区的变形，进而得出了顶板的变形和弹塑性煤柱的应力场的分布规往并给出了算例。验证了分析结果的正确性．     

钢异形柱弯扭相关屈曲研究

用弹性薄壁柱理论,推导了开口任意截面柱弯扭屈曲相关方程,并由此简化到单轴对称截面、双轴对称截面经典方程。进而研究了L形柱轴向受压的承载力即φ-λ曲线,以便工程设计应用。