Electrode surface treatments in sludge electro-osmosis dewatering

The sewage sludge dewatering produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a multifaceted process due to the presence of colloid fractions. Electro-osmosis could be a suitable technique to reduce the water content of the final sludge. Electric fields of 10, 15, and 20?V/cm have been studied for electro-osmosis tests under the pressure of a static or rotating piston, obtaining a dry solids content up to 40–45%, with respect to 25–30% obtained by mechanical methods. In order to optimize the process, the corrosion behavior and the wear of the anodic material appear to be the main critical aspects, due to the high circulating current density and the use of a rotating electrode. We compared the efficiency and the corrosion resistance of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) with respect to bare stainless steel (AISI 304) and stainless steel coated by PVD technique with TiN, AlTiN, and DLC. Characterization of the anode surfaces by SEM and potentiodynamic tests show that DSA is the most suitable material for our application. However, efficiencies of the electro-osmosis processes have been found comparable, in terms of developed current densities and total energy consumptions, for short-test duration.     

电渗法加固软土地基试验研究

 在自制的电渗固结装置上,进行轴对称工况软黏土不同初始条件及通电条件下的电渗试验。通过监测电渗过程中的电流、电势、排水量、抗剪强度、含水率和沉降,对比分析不同条件下的土体电渗固结性状,并得出以下结论：(1) 电渗法对软黏土地基处理效果良好,可达到减少土体含水率、提高土体抗剪强度、减小土体工后沉降等目的;(2) 高电压及高含水率土体的电渗效果好于低电压及低含水率的土体;(3) 含水率及电压相同条件下,间歇通电时的土体电能利用率较高,且电渗后土体的整体差异性较小;(4) 电渗也会造成一定的电极腐蚀,低电压及间歇通电条件下,电极的腐蚀相对较小。     

On-demand particle enrichment in a microfluidic channel by a locally controlled floating electrode

A flexible strategy for the on-demand control of the particle enrichment and positioning in a microfluidic channel is proposed and demonstrated by the use of a locally controlled floating metal electrode attached to the channel bottom wall. The channel is subjected to an axially acting global DC electric field, but the degree of charge polarization of the floating electrode is governed largely by a local control of the voltage applied to two micron-sized control electrodes (CEs) on either side of the floating electrode (FE). This strategy allows an independent tuning of the electrokinetic phenomena engendered by the floating electrode regardless of the global electric field across the channel, thus making the method for particle manipulation far more versatile and flexible. In contrast to a dielectric microchannel wall possessing a nearly uniform surface charge (or zeta potential), the patterned metal strip (floating electrode) is polarized under electric field resulting in a non-uniform distribution of the induced surface charge with a zero net surface charge, and accordingly induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow. The ICEO flow can be regulated by the control electric field through tuning the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to the CEs, which in turn affects both the hydrodynamic field as well as the particle motion. By controlling the control electric field, on-demand control of the particle enrichment and its position inside a microfluidic channel has been experimentally demonstrated.     

阳极跟进作用下软黏土电渗固结室内试验研究

在等电势梯度的前提下,针对电渗法加固软黏土地基提出了阳极跟进技术,设计了8组电渗对比试验,对不同阳极跟进方案作用下电渗试验的电流、抗剪强度、排水量、含水率、pH值和土体电导率等指标进行了监测,分析了不同方案下的电渗加固效果。试验结果表明:采用阳极跟进技术时,第1次阳极跟进作用效果最为显著;在电流密度处于高位时进行阳极跟进会在一定程度上降低电渗效率,在电流密度处于低位时进行阳极跟进能够促进电渗作用;针对阴极区土体开展阳极跟进无法获得显著的加固效果。研究结果表明,阳极跟进技术能够降低电路中的阳极区电阻,有效提高电渗加固效果。     

桥梁墩柱外观混凝土施工新技术

结合模板衬里铺垫材料、电渗排水成型技术、外加剂涂刷工艺,汇总介绍了保证桥梁墩柱混凝土结构外观质量的方法。提升桥梁工程混凝土外观质量,除了提升施工管理,还应积极应用新技术、新材料。     

碳化混凝土模拟再碱化过程锂离子的物料传递

通过检测不同条件下Li+离子在混凝土中的浓度变化和滞留量,考察了再碱化过程中物料的传递方式及其在该过程中的作用.结果表明:在电场作用下,锂离子通过电渗和电迁移由溶液向混凝土迁移;再碱化过程前期主要靠扩散实现,后期则主要由电渗和电迁移来完成.     

疏浚泥处理方法综述

港口航道清淤及河流湖泊生态疏浚都会产生大量的疏浚泥,论文介绍了目前处理疏浚泥的各种方法,包括海洋倾倒处理法、排水处理法、固化处理法、加热处理法、真空电渗及动力挤密联合处理法,并分析了其特点。海洋倾倒处理法简单方便,但给海洋生态环境带来负面影响。排水处理法可以降低疏浚泥的含水量,但不能去除其中的污染物,会对环境造成二次污染。固化处理法在固化疏浚泥的同时减缓了污染物的溶出速率,可减小对周围环境的二次污染。加热处理法将疏浚泥脱水,转化成建筑材料,可以实现疏浚泥的再生资源化,但处理大规模疏浚泥的能力不足。真空电渗及动力挤密联合处理法可快速、高效地排出疏浚泥中的大量水分和污染物,且造价低廉,具有广阔的应用前景和较大的推广价值。     

真空预压联合间歇电渗加固疏浚淤泥试验研究

沿海地区的疏浚工程产生了大量疏浚淤泥。为了研究疏浚淤泥的处理方法,通过室内模型试验,对温州地区的疏浚淤泥进行了分级真空预压联合间歇电渗的加固处理,并对间歇通电的时间及间歇逐级加压电渗进行了研究。试验过程中监测了真空压力、电流、排水量和土表的沉降;试验之后,对土体含水率、十字板剪切强度以及电极腐蚀质量进行了测量。试验结果表明,虽然间歇通电时间越长,土体固结效果越好,但是间歇通电时长超过24 h时,土体加固效果开始减弱;然而,电极腐蚀质量和间歇电渗的平均能耗系数却依然与间歇通电时长呈正相关。此外,分级真空预压联合间歇逐级加压电渗法相比于分级真空预压联合间歇电渗法获得了更佳的土体加固效果,并且其电极腐蚀质量和间歇电渗的平均能耗系数也显著降低。     

孔隙液体对透明土渗透特性影响对比试验

针对熔融石英砂与混合油、溴化钙及蔗糖等孔隙液体制配成的3种透明土试样,开展渗流液体与孔隙液体一致或者不一致两种情况下的常水头渗透试验,测得透明土材料在不同孔隙液体、粒径及相对密实度等情况下的渗透率,以及水在3种透明土试样中的渗透过程;并与福建标准砂相关试验结果进行了对比分析。进而开展透明土试样电渗可视化模型试验,初步探讨孔隙液体、渗透率等因素对电渗过程与机理的影响规律。试验结果表明,透明土试样渗透特性不仅与粒径分布、相对密实度等因素相关,而且与孔隙液体种类相关;混合油、溴化钙溶液制配成的透明土渗透率与天然砂土渗透率最为相近。     

Ion Channels and Electroosmosis in Porous Geopolymers: A Novel Category of Low-Cost Memristors

Memristors are electric components that emulate the memory and computational properties of biological synapses by remembering the current that flows through them. Here, for the first time, the memristive properties of geopolymers, inexpensive ceramic materials manufactured at room temperature from alkaline activation of amorphous aluminosilicate precursors, are presented. It is demonstrated that geopolymers present all the fingerprints of memristors, and a physics-based model is proposed, which demonstrates that electroosmosis in the bulk geopolymer pores induces ion channels that foster change in the overall conductance of the bulk material, contributing to the observed memristive behavior. This model opens the door to a new category of porous electroosmosis-based bulk memristors. Synaptic functions such as short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity, as well as endurance and retention capabilities are also demonstrated. The reported findings pave the way to the use of geopolymers for low-cost applications in neuromorphic computing.