PHD-PVD真空预压联合电渗法处理工程废浆试验研究

为了改进传统真空预压法的缺陷,提出一种PHD-PVD真空预压联合电渗处治工程废浆的方法。通过6组大型室内模型试验,对工程废浆固结过程中的排水量、电流强度、沉降值等进行监测,通过测量土体含水率及十字板抗剪强度并结合压汞试验宏微观分析土体的加固效果,研究真空泵和电源的间歇断开处理对PHD-PVD真空预压联合电渗法加固工程废浆效果的影响。试验结果表明,联合电渗法有效提升了PHD-PVD真空预压法后期的排水效率,远端土体固结程度得到提高,强度显著提升;对真空泵和电源的间歇断开式处理使土中产生新的排水通道,一定程度上缓解了排水板附近的淤堵,使得试验后期也保持了较快的排水速率,排水总量得到提升。压汞试验结果表明,采用间歇断开式的PHD-PVD真空预压联合电渗法处理的工程废浆,其峰值孔径更小,土体微观结构更加致密。     

多孔介质电渗流动计算流体力学模拟与实验研究（Ⅱ）电渗流动与传质特性

采用流体动力学方法模拟多孔介质内的电渗流动行为，探讨了电场强度、多孔介质的孔隙率等对填充床层中电渗流场、宏观电渗流动及传质特性的影响，并以羟基磷灰石电色谱、采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的离子交换电色谱及Blue Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的亲和电色谱分离过程为例将理论计算结果与实验结果进行了对比，二者吻合较好，证实了上述理论研究的正确性并显示出此方法在发展新型固-液电动分离技术中的应用前景.     

电势作用下非饱和黄土水分迁移试验研究

采用自制的试验装置,基于电渗法试验,笔者对以下问题进行了探究:电渗作用能否导致非饱和黄土土体含水量降低？电势、土体含水量水平等因素对非饱和黄土电渗结果有何影响？非饱和黄土电渗时效如何评价？试验结果表明:在电渗作用下,非饱和黄土试样内的水分从正极迁移向负极,达到降低正极区含水量的目的,说明电渗作用能使非饱和黄土土体内的含水量降低;电渗过程中,沿电渗方向的电势大致呈线性分布,电渗电势越大,降低正极区土体含水量的效果越好;由于正极水化反应增强和土体电阻发热量引起了水分耗损,高电势作用下土体内的含水量水平低于低电势作用土样。在试验土样含水量范围,土体初始含水量越低,电渗作用下正极区土体含水量降低值越大,但初始含水量差异引起的正极区含水量变化的差异性不大。电渗作用下非饱和黄土的水分迁移前期快,后期慢,随着电渗时间的延长,正极区含水量会进一步降低,负极区的含水量会进一步升高。     

电渗强化多孔介质孔内流动及传质

建立了电场中多孔介质孔内流动模型 ,通过计算比较了Poiseuille流和电渗流对孔内流动的贡献 ;提出“有效扩散系数”来定量描述电渗对多孔介质孔内传质过程的强化作用 ;建立了电色谱理论塔板高度模型 ,比较了Poiseuille流和电渗流对色谱理论塔板高度的影响 .计算结果表明采用Poiseuille流强化孔内传质的方法仅适用于孔径大于 5 0 0nm的大孔颗粒 ;而电渗流则可提高不同孔径的介质孔内的传质 ,降低色谱分离理论塔板高度 ;依据Yoshida模型计算了不同的有效扩散系数下的吸附穿透曲线以揭示电场强度对电色谱吸附行为的影响 ,理论预期与实验结果一致     

Vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil

To assess the effectiveness of vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil and study the mechanism of the process, a comprehensive experimental investigation was performed. A laboratory test cell was designed and applied to evaluate the vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis. Several factors were taken into consideration, including the directions of the electroosmotic current and water induced by vacuum preloading and the replenishment of groundwater from the surrounding area. The results indicate that electroosmosis together with vacuum preloading improve the soil strength greatly, with an increase of approximately 60%, and reduce the water content of the soil on the basis of consolidation of vacuum preloading, howeve~ further settlement is not obvious with only 1.7 mm. The reinforcement effect of vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis is better than that of electroosmosis after vacuum preloading. Elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence proves that the soil strengthening during electroosmotic period in this work is mainly caused by electroosmosis-induced electrochemical reactions, the concentrations of Al2O3 in the VPCEO region increase by 2.2%, 1.5%, and 0.9% at the anode, the midpoint between the electrodes, and the cathode, respectively.     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料的电力效应研究

通过试验研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的电力效应，在外加的直流电场作用下，试样产生变形．研究表明，电力效应主要由孔隙内电解质水溶液的电渗作用引起。而电热效应引起的热膨胀影响是次要的；与素水泥净浆相比，产生同一量级的应变，CFRC所需的电场远比素水泥净浆所需的电场小．这一研究对开发CFRC的作用功能具有重要意义．     

THE ELECTRODEWATERING OF SEWAGE SLUDGES

ABSTRACT

Electrodewatering (EDW), the enhancement of conventional pressure filtration by an electric field, is an emerging technology with the potential to improve dewatering especially for difficult materials. CSIRO has many years of experience in EDW, ranging from bench scale tests to demonstration trials. A recent programme has investigated the applicability of EDW to aerobic wastewater treatment sludges which are particularly difficult to dewater using conventional equipment.

The bench scale filtration experiments produced cakes with solids contents of 35-46 wt% using EDW, compared with 24-30 wt% using pressure filtration alone. This paper : ? describes how the dewatering results were achieved;

?identifies a relationship between moisture removal limits by EDW and the forms of water within the sludge;

?shows the results of preliminary attempts to mathematically model the EDW process     

Impact of the electromagnetic flow of an MHD Casson fluid over an oscillating porous plate

This study deals with the effect of electric force and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of the transient state on natural convection flow past an oscillating vertical plate. In addition to this, thermal radiation and porous media are also examined in the Casson fluid flow. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is employed to show the electric potential character within the fluid region, which is put into a linear form by the implementation of Debye–Hückel linearization. It is possible to compute the precise solution to the governing equations using the Laplace transform approach. The expression of fluid velocity, fluid concentration, and temperature are exposed graphically, and numerical results for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also derived for vital pertinent flow constraints. Increasing electroosmosis parameters strongly boosts fluid velocity. The nonnegative values of the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity highly induce the axial velocity and the negative value decelerates. With increasing radiation strength and Prandtl number, the fluid's temperature distribution diminishes. These more intricate electrokinetic rheological flows associated with electroosmotic separators, such as biomedical absorbers, are illuminated by these models.     

Particle detection by electrical impedance spectroscopy with asymmetric-polarization AC electroosmotic trapping

Recently, considerable interest and effort have been devoted to the on-site detection of low-concentration pathogenic bacteria in order to deter infectious diseases and bioterrorism. Conventionally, bacteria detection involves culturing, which is time-consuming and unfeasible under field conditions. Microfluidic devices with integrated electrical detection will enable fast, low-cost, and portable sensing and processing of biological and chemical samples. AC electroosmosis (EO) is well-suited for integration into microsystems due to its low-voltage operation and no-moving-part implementation and microelectrical impedance spectroscopy can be integrated with AC EO for particle manipulation, leading to enhanced sensitivity due to a reduction of the transport time to the detector. Experiments are performed to find optimal conditions for obtaining particle and bacterial assembly lines on electrodes by AC EO and preliminary results show good resolution at a concentration of 10⁴ bacteria/ml, indicating that combining AC EO with impedance measurement can improve the sensitivity of particle electrical detection.     

工程降水名词术语讨论

我国工程降水名词术语长期不统一。有关技术标准相互矛盾的规定 ,导致工程实践难以适从和混乱。该文对井点、管井、电渗井点、井点系统、明排水、降水井等名词术语上存在的一些分歧和争议进行了讨论 ,并对统一这些名词术语提出了一些看法和意见。以期引起讨论 ,促进工程降水名词术语标准化研究。