公众食品药品网络谣言和虚假宣传辨识能力调查——以贵州省某少数民族自治地区为例

目的 了解公众对网络食品药品谣言信息及虚假宣传甄别能力和行为态度，探索防范谣言传播、维护社会稳定的有效措施和途径。方法 采用随机抽样研究方法，对贵州省某少数民族自治州公众开展食品药品网络谣言及虚假宣传辨识能力、行为态度问卷调查。结果 当地公众食品药品网络谣言及虚假宣传辨识能力总体较低，经济发展落后地区的青少年人群对网络谣言及虚假宣传的辨识能力较弱。大部分公众处理网络食品药品安全信息较为理性，更愿意通过国家监管部门权威网站了解信息，基本具备了确认信息真实性的主观意识，但辟除谣言的行动能力不高。结论 地方党委政府及有关部门应加强食品药品网络谣言和虚假宣传治理，加大当地谣言及虚假宣传的监测和系统性分析研究，有针对性、预判性地进行治理和科普宣传。     

人工假顶工艺在近距离过巷掘进的应用

为了保证近距离煤层巷道掘进施工安全,提高过巷段顶板稳定性,对2112巷过830轨道巷期间采取人工假顶的方法进行近距离顶板维护工艺。实际应用表明,该工艺有效保证了近距离巷道掘进顶板稳定性,保证了巷道施工安全,取得了显著成效。     

Reference databases,primer choice,and assay sensitivity for environmental metabarcoding: Lessons learnt from a re‐evaluation of an eDNA fish assessment in the Volga headwaters

Biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA, particularly metabarcoding, is evolving into a powerful assessment tool for riverine systems. However, for metabarcoding to be fully integrated into standardized monitoring programmes, some current challenges concerning sampling design, laboratory workflow, and data analysis need to be overcome. Here, we review some of these major challenges and potential solutions. We further illustrate three potential pitfalls, namely the choice of suitable metabarcoding primers, the necessity of complete reference databases, and varying assay sensitivities, by a reappraisal of our‐own recently carried out metabarcoding study in the Volga headwaters. TaqMan qPCRs had detected catfish (Silurus glanis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), whereas metabarcoding had not, in the same samples. Furthermore, after extending the genetic reference database by 12 additional species and re‐analysing the metabarcoding data, we additionally detected the Siberian spiny loach (Cobitis sibirica) and Ukrainian brook lamprey (Eudontomyzon mariae) and reassigned the operational taxonomic units previously assigned to Misgurnus fossilis to Cobitis sibirica. In silico analysis of metabarcoding primer efficiencies revealed considerable variability among primer pairs and among target species, which could lead to strong primer bias and potential false‐negatives in metabarcoding studies if not properly compensated for. These results highlight some of the pitfalls of eDNA‐metabarcoding as a means of monitoring fish biodiversity in large rivers, which need to be considered in order to fully unleash the full potential of these approaches for freshwater biodiversity monitoring.     

流程工业报警系统传统评估方法分析及改进

流程工业报警系统通过报警信息显示当前过程存在的异常情况,提醒操作员及时干预以避免生产事故,其运行效率和流程工业的安全性能密切相关.报警系统效率低下会严重影响流程工业安全经济运行,然而报警系统优化与再设计的过程复杂,耗费大量人力物力,并且可能影响整个生产过程的正常运行.报警系统是否需要重新优化、何时优化、优化方向等问题困扰着工程研究人员,需要对其进行正确的评估.针对评价流程工业报警系统的常用定性指标进行机理分析,指出对于报警系统运行效率影响较大的几个因素,在此基础上构建了量化评估报警系统效率的指标,评估指标可以使工程研究人员更为直观地了解报警系统运行效率及其对于流程工业的影响,辅助优化报警系统.     

超早期火灾探测报警系统的应用分析

介绍了高灵敏度空气采样感烟火灾探测系统的性能、结构特点及工作原理，并重点讨论了此系统在通信建筑环境中的具体应用。     

动圈式永磁平面电机平稳起浮与下降无位置传感器控制策略

针对动圈式永磁平面电机无位置传感器控制起浮过程中出现的误差过大、抖动以及下降过程中撞击定子表面等问题,分析了在实时电流分配策略下动子的移动过程,提出了"假气隙点"概念,推导出了"假气隙点"位置与期望气隙点位置的数学关系表达式和动子起浮至期望气隙点和下降至零高度的时间计算积分公式,并给出了平稳起浮和下降控制策略。"假气隙点"现象表现为动子停留在零位置时,对线圈分配"假气隙点"恒定电流,在此电流驱动下动子运行至期望气隙点处速度为0;动子悬浮在期望气隙点位置时,对线圈分配"假气隙点"恒定电流,在此电流驱动下动子运行至零位置处速度为0。控制策略利用上述现象,通过切换电流使动子在零位置和气隙点之间平稳移动。仿真结果表明,动子运行误差、抖动很小,证明了控制策略的正确性。     

Impact of stray inductances of the power loop on false trigger‐on in the zero‐voltage‐switching full‐bridge converter

Here, we propose an exhaustive theoretical investigation and experimental verification of the false trigger‐on phenomenon, which would lead to the interaction between the upper and lower devices during the switching transient, in the zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) full‐bridge converter. An equivalent model of the converter, which takes not only the parasitic capacitors of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors into account but also the stray inductances of the main circuit, is presented. Based on the model, a comprehensive study of the false trigger‐on phenomenon is carried out. According to the analysis results, the stray inductances of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors have negligible influence on the false trigger‐on phenomena since the soft‐switching is realized. The false trigger‐on phenomenon is induced by the stray inductances of the main circuit. Moreover, the arrangement of the switching sequence would cause significant discriminations in the false trigger‐on phenomena because of the specific working mode of the ZVS full‐bridge converter. According to the investigation results, optimization methods are presented to suppress the induced voltage. At last, the theoretical investigations are verified by tests of a ZVS full‐bridge converter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄带热连轧液压活套控制技术的改进

通过对活套装置控制过程的分析,结合对热连轧液压活套系统的高度位置和力矩控制双输入、双输出耦合系统控制方法的研究,提出了薄规格、硅钢带钢的尾部活套力矩控制一定要优先于高度位置控制的思想。通过应用自适应、分段控制等技术,解决了实际生产中工艺、设备变化对活套控制的影响,保证了连轧过程中带钢不虚套、不跑偏。该控制方法已在实际的热轧现场得到了应用,并取得了较好的控制效果。     

应用匹配滤波器的车道线恒虚警率识别方法

针对多种道路场景下车道线的识别问题,提出了一种应用匹配滤波器和恒虚警率检测器的处理方法。根据车道线横截面的灰度轮廓特征,对图像局部区域,采用不同尺度的匹配滤波算子,实现不同环境条件下车道线区域的特征增强;利用可产生自适应阈值的恒虚警率检测器,提取车道线特征点,并通过随机抽样一致性方法拟合产生车道边界线。在车道线跟踪阶段,建立车道线参数数据库,分析当前帧车道线与数据库的匹配置信度,并动态更新该数据库。在嵌入式系统中,经过多种工况的试验验证,该算法能稳定地识别车道线,准确提取相关参数,处理速率达到30FPS。