Simulation studies on a rotating ring disk electrode: Effects of ionic migration with kinetic complication-disk results

In continuation to my previous work (Guha S. AIChE J. 2013;59(4):1390-1399), in this work, effects of ionic migration are evaluated for disk region of a rotating ring disk electrode system by numerically solving complex differential equations, developed for mass transfer along with kinetic complication in presence of ionic migration under limiting current condition. The system for simulation is 0.01 M Fe₂(SO₄)₃ solution with H₂SO₄ as supporting electrolyte. Simulation cases are presence and absence of ionic migration with kinetic complication (oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ under O₂ pressure). Results show that concentration boundary layer thickness of reactant Fe³⁺ reduces appreciably and steady-state disk current reduces substantially in presence of migration. Simulated steady-state disk current in absence of migration case agrees well with published data. Results indicate higher Fe²⁺ concentration in presence of migration and thereby higher rate of oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ at all rate constant values.     

蜡油加氢裂化装置高压换热器垢样分析及建议

针对某炼油厂蜡油加氢裂化装置高压换热器因结垢而换热效率大幅降低、压降上涨的现象，在停工消缺过程中对高压换热器进行清洗并取样分析。对所取垢样进行甲苯抽提处理后采用X射线荧光光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪等手段进行检测。结果表明：垢样的主要无机成分为Fe2P4O12和FeS，此外还有少量含Si、含Na的无机物以及少量的有机垢。对此，建议炼油厂严格控制加氢裂化原料油中含磷物质的携带，同时要尽可能做好环烷酸对设备和管线腐蚀的防护。     

Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment of Norway Spruce TMP: The Effect of an Extended pH Range when Catalyzed by Free Ferrous and Free or EDG/EDTA-Chelated Ferric Ions

The influence of different types of iron salts (i.e., ferrous or ferric cations with sulphate, nitrate or chloride anions) on the reaction between coarse thermomechanical pulp and acid hydrogen peroxide (Fenton chemistry) was studied when the initial pH was 3.2 and 5.3. Also, ferric ions chelated with EDTA or EDG at different molar ratios were compared with ferrous sulphate when the initial pH was extended from about 3 to 8. Different anions of ferric ion salt gave a similar catalytic effect. At an initial pH of 7–8, the ferric-EDTA catalyzed reaction resulted in similar or higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than the ferrous sulphate catalyzed reaction, but less reaction with the pulp was indicated. Between pH 5–8, using Fe-EDG as a catalyst gave higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than if using ferrous sulphate; however, the measured effect on the pulp was similar or less.     

亚铁还原土壤浸滤液中六价铬的影响因素及稳定性探究

文章以Fe(Ⅱ)为还原剂,土壤浸滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)为处理对象,研究了处理效果与pH、氧化还原条件和反应时间的关系。结果表明在pH为中性,厌氧的条件下Fe(Ⅱ)对于Cr(Ⅵ)具有较好的还原效果。在一个月的反应时期内曝气组中Cr(Ⅵ)呈现先降低后增加的趋势,建议在实施化学还原技术修复土壤重金属铬污染的时候结合微生物以及固定化等技术联合治理。     

柠檬酸铁铵合成的新工艺研究

研究了以还原铁粉为原料,将其与柠檬酸反应生成柠檬酸亚铁,再与NH3·H2O反应,并通过双氧水的氧化制得柠檬酸铁铵。考察了柠檬酸亚铁的制备条件、柠檬酸和铁粉的比例、反应时间、反应温度、双氧水用量对产品含铁量的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为:n(柠檬酸):n(还原铁粉)为1.1:1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为1.5h,H2O2用量为理论量的1.0~1.2倍。     

Fe-PGMs合金废电解液溶析结晶制备硫酸亚铁

以Fe-PGMs合金电解精炼产生的废电解液为原料,无水乙醇作为溶析剂,使用溶析结晶法从废电解液中将硫酸亚铁结晶析出。考察了溶析时间、乙醇与水溶液体积比、溶析温度、搅拌速度、陈化时间、无水乙醇滴加方式对硫酸亚铁结晶率的影响。结果表明,在溶析时间60 min、无水乙醇与水溶液体积比为1:1、溶析温度10 ℃、搅拌速度200 r/min、陈化时间60 min、乙醇滴加方式为逐滴加入时硫酸亚铁结晶率达到最大92.98%。此工艺避免了电解过程中废电解液对环境的污染,实现了电解Fe-PGMs合金中电解液及Fe-PGMs合金酸浸液的循环利用。     

Application of ferrous-hydrogen peroxide for the treatment of H-acid manufacturing process wastewater

1-Amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (H-acid) is widely used in chemical industries for synthesis of direct, acid, reactive and azoic dye. The wastewater from H-acid manufacturing process is rich in various substituted derivatives of naphthalene and is one of the most hardly-treated wastewaters. A pretreatment method, ferrous ion-peroxide oxidation combined with coagulation, has been studied. The results have shown that the optimum pH value is below 4 and the suitable ferrous ion dosage is 200 mg/l. The COD removal of H-acid wastewater is about 50% and the residue have proved biodegradable when hydrogen peroxide dosage is 30 g/l. Ferrous ion-peroxide oxidation process can also improve efficiency of coagulation treatment. The overall COD removal can reach 90% or more when the concentration of ferrous ion is 200 mg/l, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 3 g/l and the ferric chloride dosage of two stage coagulation treatment is 15 g/l and 5 g/l, respectively. The groups on naphthalene ring, such as − + NO₂, SO⁻₃ etc., are substituted by hydroxyl free radical, and then the ring is broken down during oxidation process of H-acid.     

含重质油污泥非均相氧化降解特性及其强化机制

含油污泥广泛产生于石油开采、炼制与使用过程中。对含油污泥进行资源化与无害化低碳处理一直是行业的难题。以传统水洗处理后的含重质油污泥残渣为例,本文系统研究了采用过一硫酸盐-高铁酸盐-FeS（PFI）氧化体系对其进行氧化降解的规律及过程强化机制。结果表明PFI氧化体系能够对含重质油组分（胶质、沥青质等）的油泥残渣进行降解,将大分子物质转化为小分子有机物。然而,由于油泥固相颗粒多孔孔道吸附等原因,会有一部分的重质组分残留于孔道内,难以降解去除。此外,油泥经PFI氧化后,所得固体表面会覆盖一层二次产物氧化铁薄层,阻碍氧化剂分子进一步与石油分子的接触,从而降低氧化效果甚至终止氧化过程。采用表面酸性调控方法可以大幅度溶解氧化铁薄层,增加氧化剂与有机物的接触机会,从而强化残留重质油有机物降解率。     

铁合金连铸粒化成形设备的研制与试验

根据国内外铁合金成型工艺及其存在的问题,研制了一套连铸粒化成形设备,并进行了模拟生产试验,结果表明,连铸粒化成形设备实现了硅铁合金的一次性浇注成形;强制冷却后合金液平均温降782℃;铸锭内部组织致密;铸锭主要成分元素分布均匀。