从方法论视角解读“乡村治理”研究——兼评《江苏乡村治理发展报告2013》

结合刘祖云教授所著的《江苏乡村治理发展报告》,从方法论视角全面解读中国乡村治理的研究概貌。在研究定位上,经历从"村落"到"乡域"的拓展;在研究范式上,超越"村落社区"的观察视角不断被探索;在研究方法上,主要采用"田野调查"与"个案深描";在研究理路上,主要遵循"个别到一般"逻辑脉络;在研究走向上,应努力建立起中国乡村治理研究的本土化理论体系。     

Entering the field in qualitative field research: a rite of passage into a complex practice world

The concept of ‘the field’ is significant in ethnographic research as well as qualitative research methods more generally. However, how a field researcher enters the field is usually taken for granted after gaining access to the field. We suggest that entrance is a distinct phase of fieldwork that differs from negotiating access. Entrance is not a trivial event; rather, it is a rite of passage into a complex practice world and marks a critical field moment. Drawing on our ethnography and insights from hermeneutics and anthropology, we show that a practical understanding of the field represents a fusion of horizons where a fieldworker is thrown. The concept of thrownness highlights the fact that the fieldworkers' own historicity and prejudices affect their entrance into the field; hence, entrance into the field orientates an ethnographer in the field and influences the entire period of fieldwork that follows. Our theorizing is intended as a contribution towards advancing the discussion of qualitative research methods.     

基于单片机的野外作业移动库房安防系统设计

介绍了一种野外作业移动库房安防系统的设计和实现方案。该系统以C8051F120单片机为主控制器,以STC89C52单片机为从控制器,以热释电红外感测器D203S为核心构成人体检测模块,以烟雾传感器MQ-2为核心构成烟雾检测模块,采用CRM2400TNC无线模块实现主、从控制器之间的通信,可实现库房内人员监测、烟雾检测以及库房物品进出情况监测及报警功能,且只有输入正确的密码才能关闭报警系统。测试结果验证了该系统的有效性和可靠性。     

矿物加工校企联合实践基地建设与实施模式

校外实习实践是高校培养和提升工科专业学生工程素养的桥梁和纽带。本文立足矿物加工工程专业学科,依照国际工程教育的培养体系和矿物加工工程专业学科特色,着重探讨和实践了我校适应卓越工程人才和国际工程教育的人才培养思路,加强校企实践过程人才培养的融合与互补的实践过程,共同实现高校人才培养和实习企业科技创新及资信提升的共赢效果。     

胶东半岛山岳道家文化景观的序列性“风景道”研究

胶东半岛凭借三面环海的地理区位,成为道家思想的重要发源地。金元时期,内丹派全真道于此创立,使该地山岳道家文化景观得以迅速发展。在半岛特殊的自然气象、资源、地貌条件影响下,山岳道家文化景观的营造呈现出"序列性"特征,且其物象与内丹修道理论密切相关,形成诸多"山地风景道"。通过田野调查、测绘、访谈,探讨该类"风景道"的环境基底特征和文化内涵,总结"风景道"的景观层次与要素组成,并对其空间特征与要素布局进行分析。研究发掘了胶东半岛山岳道家文化景观的潜在规律,为保护当地该类景观提供新的视角,亦可为其他地域该类景观保护提供借鉴。     

提高认识实习教学效果的思考

认识实习是高分子材料与工程专业教学工作中理论联系实际的重要教学形式,是教学计划中的主要实践性环节。结合应用型本科教育特色和培养目标,分析了制约认识实习质量的因素,提出了保证认识实习教学质量的一系列措施,包括加强实习基地建设,保证实习考核等。     

油田作业队野外作业安全照明系统研究与开发

详细讨论了作业队夜间、作业现场在照明中存在的问题,改进思路,分析了24V低压 车载防爆照明系统的研发优势,并对前景进行预测。     

地源热泵系统土壤热物性现场测试法分析

地层土壤热物性及影响其变动的参量是室外埋管换热器设计的最重要参数,设计人员对这些参数掌握的准确程度直接关系到能否寻求出所设计室外埋管系统的投资与热泵空调系统运行费用最佳状态的结合点,对保证热泵空调系统的经济性、运行稳定性及安全性至关重要.通过多项工程设计施工运行总结,本文认为,现场测试法是确定土壤热物性的最佳方法,并提出现场测试法应该完成的工作量及其在后继设计工作中的作用.     

浅谈毕业设计对加强学生工程实践能力的作用

本文主要介绍在毕业设计中,如何转变指导方法,改革毕业实习环节,不断更新工程设计思路。加强对学生工程实践能力和创新精神的培养,使设计成果能贴近工程实际,能反映出科学技术的发展和时代气息,并考虑工程设计应体现经济效益最大化的思路。特别是在指导供配电毕业设计中,对应用“总拥有费用法TQC”评价变压器;采用IEC标准的截面经济最优化计算方法来选择电力电缆等方面作出了一些探讨。     

Contextualized understandings of dairy farmers' perspectives on antimicrobial use and regulation in Alberta,Canada

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been largely attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU). To achieve judicious AMU, much research and many policies focus on knowledge translation and behavioral change mechanisms. To address knowledge gaps in contextual drivers of decisions made by dairy farmers concerning AMU, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork to investigate one community's understanding of AMU, AMR, and associated regulations in the dairy industry in Alberta, Canada. This included participation in on-farm activities and observations of relevant interactions on dairy farms in central Alberta for 4 mo. Interviews were conducted with 25 dairy farmers. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and yielded several key findings. Many dairy farmers in this sample: (1) value their autonomy and hope to maintain agency regarding AMU; (2) have shared cultural and immigrant identities which may inform their perspectives of future AMU regulation as it relates to their farming autonomy; (3) feel that certain AMU policies implemented in other contexts would be impractical in Alberta and would constrain their freedom to make what they perceive to be the best animal welfare decisions; (4) believe that their knowledge and experience are undervalued by consumers and policy makers; (5) are concerned that the public does not have a complex understanding of dairy farming and, consequently, worry that AMU policy will be based on misguided consumer concerns; and (6) are variably skeptical of a link between AMU in dairy cattle and AMR in humans due to their strict adherence to milk safety protocols that is driven by their genuine care for the integrity of the product. A better understanding of the sociocultural and political-economic infrastructure that supports such perceptions is warranted and should inform efforts to improve AMU stewardship and future policies regarding AMU.