长江口北支水道水沙特性分析

从实测资料出发,结合水流数值计算成果,对长江口北支水道的水流、泥沙和含盐度等资料进行分析,得出了北支水道的水沙特性,并分析了水沙变化与河床变化的相互关系.北支水道在1958年南通河段河势控制后,径流分流比逐年下降,并渐趋稳定于3%左右.北支水道受径流影响越来越小,主要受潮流作用.随着水沙特性的逐年变化,北支水道0 m以下槽蓄容量逐年减小,并渐趋稳定,北支上段为逐年淤积最快的区域.由此反过来影响了水沙条件的进一步变化,使北支上段平均潮差增加,北支的会潮点由崇头附近下移至青龙港附近.     

供电企业配电线路故障及策略

通过分析供电线路安全运行的影响因素,提出了防范故障的策略,希望能够对配电线路的安全运行提供帮助。     

Emergency aero-photo survey after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,China

After the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake which took place on May 12, 2008, aerial remote sensing has rapidly covered all the influence sites of the earthquake, emergency aero-photo interpretation has revealed the disaster distribution limitation, and captured the information of location, dimension of the destroyed houses, roads and other structures, blocked rivers, etc, which provided destroying conditions of the time for rescuing lives, rebuilding traffic lines and estimating disaster situation. The further interpretation and analysis indicate that large scale second growth geological disasters mainly distribute in the distance of 0–300 km and 45°–50° orientation from the epicenter. About 137 latent large-scale landslides and debris-flows will occur in this rain season and coming several years, so how to avoid current geological disasters as well as the latent large disasters should be considered in making rebuilding and developing plan.     

新型学校预警系统在山洪灾害防治项目中的应用

我国山洪预报预警系统的技术研究工作开展较晚,当下山洪、泥石流、滑坡等山地灾害频发,对人民群众的安全和经济的发展都产生了极大的影响。本文在这样的背景之下,探讨了学校山洪预警系统的技术应用问题,分别从系统构成、技术要求和实现功能等方面加以论述,为学校山洪预警系统的建设提供了很好的指导。该系统具有自动接收、发布、传递水文气象和地质灾害信息,提供各学校节点实时水文气象数据、山洪预警信息、灾害应急预案、校内在册师生人员资料登记以及通知公告等数据信息的发布等功能。在实际使用中,性价比高,实用性强,具有较大的社会效益和经济效益。     

库区平面二维水沙数学模型的 研究与应用

本文建立了库区平面二维水沙数学模型,应用有限体积法思想,增强了模型的适应性和灵活 性。利用该模型对庙宫水库库区内的水流和泥沙冲淤进行分析研究,结果表明,模型能较好地模拟水 库的河道水流泥沙运动及河床变形情况,将其应用于庙宫水库蓄水排沙预报的模拟计算中,通过综合 对比,提出了水库现状泄流条件下最优清淤方案。     

基于洞庭湖水沙模型的荆南三河冲淤变化研究

荆南三河起于荆江河段,水沙情势受上游来水来沙条件影响较大,荆南三河冲淤变化研究有助于认识洞庭湖地区防洪形势和江湖关系的演变。本文构建了洞庭湖水沙数值模型,计算了三峡工程运行后荆南三河各河段的冲淤变化,并结合实测冲淤数据探究了影响荆南三河冲淤的因素。计算结果表明,三峡工程运行后荆南三河河道发生普遍冲刷,冲刷趋势短期内不会变化,但冲刷强度逐渐下降。三峡工程运行后,荆南三河口门分流量、分流比和分沙比均无明显趋势性变化,分沙量大幅度减小,清水下泄改变了荆南三河冲淤状态。此外,采砂对荆南三河冲淤也有重要影响。     

消防火灾调查取证的难点及相关对策研究

随着社会现代化进程不断加快,人们的物质生活水平也在不断提高,日常生活中用到的电器越来越多,应用范围也越来越广,因而各种消防事故的发生也在不断提升。城市化建设进程中,各种新的城市建筑不断涌现,交通线路也在不断规划,这给当前城市消防工作带来了诸多挑战和考验,特别是对消防火灾的调查取证工作而言,会遇到不少困难。文章先是对消防火灾调查取证的必要性作了简要分析,然后就目前消防火灾调查取证工作中存在的难点作了具体的论述,最后对解决这些难点提出了一些可行性对策,希望可以提高我国消防工作质量。     

冰雪灾害条件下我国电网安全运行面临的问题

论述了防止复杂大电网发生冰灾事故的各个环节,介绍了研究现状和存在的问题,指出了在冰雪灾害条件下我国复杂大电网安全运行需要加强研究的8个关键问题：覆冰机理、覆冰外绝缘故障机理、有效的防冰、除冰方法、大电网覆冰在线监测与诊断方法、覆冰线路灾害局部化设计、电网覆冰在线评估、预警与决策以及建立复杂大电网覆冰灾害应急处理体系,并提出了可能的解决方法。     

基于变化检测的滑坡灾害自动识别

在分析当前滑坡灾害信息识别方法的基础上,指出这些方法的适用性和不足之处,并针对这些不足之处,以滑坡的地学原理为依据,提出了以多时相遥感影像为数据源,结合纹理分析的变化检测自动识别滑坡灾害信息的方法。最后,以地震前(2006-5-14)后(2008-6-3)的北川县城及附近区域的福卫2号多光谱遥感影像作为数据源,以结合比率变换和纹理分析的变化检测进行滑坡灾害信息识别试验。结果表明,结合纹理分析的变化检测方法能够突破影像光谱特征的局限,对于滑坡灾害信息识别具有显著的适用性。     

Research on prevention and cure against heat-harm in constructing mines

With the mine exploitation depth getting deeper and deeper, the mine heat-harm turns into another natural disaster after the five disasters, which are the roof, the gas, the fire, the dust and the flood disaster. Compared with other researches on prevention and cure against the heat-harm, the research on prevention and cure against the heat-harm in constructing mine are less. Referring to the experience of prevention and cure against the heat-harm home and ＇abroad, analyzing the characteristic of cooling in the constructing mine, and based on the ground former freezing equipments and the modified mine temporary cooling equipments, the paper proposed four technical projects. By comparing with the four technical projects, the second project is preponderant both in technology and economy and can solve the heat-harm of the constructing mine, which is proved by the forecast and calculation. The project can be widely applied in de-temperature tasks of high temperature and heat-harm mines during the mine constructing period and in the exploiting preparing phase.