用于热密封组件的编织弹簧弹性性能分析

针对耐高温动态热密封组件中的常用元件弹性支架编织弹簧,研究了其压缩率、装配方式、热暴露温度等参数对其弹性性能的影响,并讨论了编织弹簧高温弹性失效的原因。研究结果表明,合金的氧化是编织弹簧高温回弹率降低的主要原因,在温度低于800℃、压缩率小于50%的服役条件下,编织弹簧的回弹率不小于95%,在航天热密封领域有广阔的应用前景。     

Shock/expansion fan interaction with real gas effects for Earth and Mars atmospheric conditions

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the real gas effects on shock/expansion fan interaction. Initial perfect gas simulations at low enthalpy capture the flow structures efficiently and outcomes are found to have excellent agreement with the analytical calculations. Furthermore, the simulations with the real gas solver for different enthalpies showed that the variation in enthalpy significantly changes the flow structures. It is observed that an increase in enthalpy leads to a decrease and increase in the postshock and postexpansion fan Mach numbers, respectively. Another important observation is the decrement in the peak pressure ratio with an increment in the enthalpy. These effects are noted to be more pronounced for Mars's environment due to the higher dependency of specific heat on temperature.     

高超声速飞行器预设性能反演鲁棒控制

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器的飞行控制问题,提出一种新的预设性能模糊反演控制设计方法。通过构造一种新的预设性能函数,在初始误差正负未知的情况下,可以保证跟踪误差能够按照预定的收敛速度、超调量及稳态误差收敛至任意小的区域,同时实现了对跟踪误差稳态性能和瞬态性能的约束。为提高控制系统的鲁棒性,在反演控制的设计框架下,引入模糊控制器逼近动力学模型中的不确定项。为避免传统反演方法中存在的"微分膨胀"问题,引入滑模微分器对虚拟控制量的导数进行精确估计。最后,通过不同初始误差下的轨迹仿真验证所设计控制系统的有效性。     

Novel prescribed performance neural control of a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle with unknown initial errors

A novel prescribed performance neural controller with unknown initial errors is addressed for the longitudinal dynamic model of a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) subject to parametric uncertainties. Different from traditional prescribed performance control (PPC) requiring that the initial errors have to be known accurately, this paper investigates the tracking control without accurate initial errors via exploiting a new performance function. A combined neural back-stepping and minimal learning parameter (MLP) technology is employed for exploring a prescribed performance controller that provides robust tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories. The highlight is that the transient performance of velocity and altitude tracking errors is satisfactory and the computational load of neural approximation is low. Finally, numerical simulation results from a nonlinear FAHV model demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy.     

某高超声速飞行器助推段纵向控制策略研究

为解决某高超声速飞行器助推段纵向控制的问题,以火箭助推垂直发射式飞行为对象,对其高超声速飞 行器助推段纵向控制策略进行研究。根据飞行器的飞行环境和自身结构,给出特性分析并剖析了控制难点,建立运 动参数时变模型,提出纵向姿态控制、增稳控制和迎角保护策略。分析结果表明：从稳定性和操纵性两方面与迎角 相比,俯仰角控制器具有更好操稳性,俯仰角速率指令内回路在助推段相比于阻尼内回路具有更好的鲁棒性。     

基于化学反应的高超声速弹丸头部气动热预测

为了准确预测高超声速弹丸表面的气动热问题,在考虑热化学反应的情况下,基于SST k-ω、表面反应和二维非稳态热传导方程,建立了高速流场与弹丸结构紧密耦合的传热模型,并以某外形高超声速弹丸为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,在不同飞行高度、不同飞行马赫数等条件下对比计算了有、无考虑化学反应时弹丸表面的气动热分布情况。计算结果表明,考虑化学反应对弹丸表面的热流密度有较大影响,弹体表面温度及其驻点处温度均有明显提高; 在飞行马赫数为5.5,飞行时间为1.5 s的情况下,随着飞行高度的增加,弹丸驻点处及弹身表面的温度会降低,但各高度上弹丸驻点处的温度在考虑化学反应较未考虑化学反应时高约200 K; 随着来流马赫数的增加,化学反应产生的热量越多,弹体表面及驻点处的温度增加越大。研究结果对高超声速弹丸的气动热预测与热防护具有一定的参考。     

高超声速飞行器复合材料翼面结构1100℃高温环境下的热模态试验

为了在热模态试验中获得难于测量的超过1 000℃的高温环境下复合材料翼面结构的振动特性参数,将高温瞬态热试验系统与振动试验系统相结合,建立了可对高超声速飞行器耐高温复合材料翼面结构进行1 100℃高温环境下热模态研究的热/振联合试验系统。通过自行研制的耐高温陶瓷导杆引伸装置将复合材料翼面结构上的振动信号传递至非高温区域,使用常温加速度传感器对高温环境下高超声速飞行器翼面结构上的振动信号进行数据识别;并运用时-频联合分析技术对试验数据进行分析处理,实现了在1 100℃热/振复合环境下对复合材料翼面结构的模态频率、模态振型等关键振动特性参数的试验测试。研究结果为高超声速飞行器复合材料翼面结构在高温环境下的动特性分析及安全可靠性设计提供了重要依据。     

Anti-disturbance backstepping control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles based on extended state observer

In this paper, we propose an anti-disturbance backstepping control approach with extended state observer (ESO) for tracking control of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Considering the large uncertainties, the external disturbances, and especially the lack of aerodynamic knowledge, several ESOs are introduced in the backstepping controller. With the total disturbance estimation ability of ESOs, almost no aerodynamic knowledge is needed for the controller design. Meanwhile, ESOs are also used to estimate the derivatives of the virtual control signals. The problem of “explosion of terms” is avoided. A key strategy of the controller is that each step of backstepping is activated successively. Consequently, the closed-loop system has time-scale structure. Rigorous stability proof can be obtained. At last, compared simulation results verify the superior tracking performance of the proposed controller.     

Fault‐tolerant control using command‐filtered adaptive back‐stepping technique: Application to hypersonic longitudinal flight dynamics

In this paper, the adaptive back‐stepping controller is investigated for a class of strict‐feedback systems using the command filter technique. Adaptive laws are designed for updating the controller parameters when both the plant parameters and actuator‐failure parameters are unknown. Furthermore, the auxiliary dynamics is developed to deal with the input constraints. Closed‐loop stability and asymptotic‐state tracking are ensured. The method is applied to the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic aircraft in the presence of actuator faults and input constraints. Based on the parameter estimation, the command‐filtered adaptive back‐stepping control is presented. Simulation results on the control‐oriented model show that the proposed approach achieves good tracking performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.