碳酸酐酶在功能化Fe3O4-SiO2核壳纳米颗粒上的固定及其性能表征研究

以Fe3O4纳米颗粒为核,正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体,通过St?ber法合成了Fe3O4-SiO2核壳纳米颗粒。以γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）为改性剂对纳米颗粒进行改性,得到了环氧基功能化的Fe3O4-SiO2核壳纳米颗粒,随后将碳酸酐酶（carbonic anhydrase,CA）共价固定到纳米颗粒上,以实现CA固定化。采用傅立叶红外（FTIR）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段对载体材料进行表征;以对硝基苯酚乙酸酯（p-NPA）为底物,采用紫外分光光度仪测试酶活力,并对固定化酶进行了性能表征。试验结果表明,固定化酶的热稳定性、贮藏稳定性和循环使用性均优于同等条件下的游离酶,其在循环使用10次后仍保持84.2%的相对酶活力。     

新型功能高分子材料及其应用

功能高分子是一类具有特殊用途的高分子材料 ,印迹高分子、敏感性水凝胶和固定化酶是三种较有特色的功能高分子材料。该文将对上述三种功能高分子材料以及它们在生化分离、生物催化、物质分析与检测以及药物控制释放中的应用做一介绍 ,同时也对它们的不足和发展前景进行了评述     

改进的扩散自由体积模型及其在凝胶和固定化细胞中的应用(Ⅱ)实验数据的关联

应用本文(I)报建立起来的改进的扩散自由体积模型,对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶及其固定化酵母细胞中葡萄糖和(或)乙醇的有效扩散系数与凝胶的单体浓度、交联度、温度和细胞浓度分别进行关联,定性解释和定量关联都令人满意,说明了该模型的适用性.     

Acidolysis of babassu fat catalyzed by immobilized lipase

The lipase-catalyzed interesterification of oils and fats gives products that are unobtainable by chemical interesterification methods. Acidolysis of babassu fat and palmitic acid, catalyzed by immobilized lipase (Lipozyme; Novo Industri, Bagsveard, Denmark), was studied. The reactions were performed at 65°C with 5% w/w enzyme for 4 h. The molar proportions of babassu fat/palmitic acid were 1∶0.1, 1∶0.3 and 1∶0.5. At the end of the reaction period, the catalyst particles were removed by filtration, and the residual oil was extracted with organic solvent (diethyl ether). The recovered particles were then reused. The palmitic acid content of babassu fat before and after acidolysis changed from 10 to 22% at a molar proportion of 1∶0.5. The equilibrium was attained in about 4 h. The original water and enzymatic activities of Lipozyme were maintained after acidolysis. Water sorption isotherms of the immobilized enzyme were determined at 25, 35 and 45°C. From the temperature dependence of the isotherms, isosteric heats of sorption were evaluated by means of the Clausius Clapeyron equation. Monolayer moisture content was calculated by means of the B.E.T. and Guggenhein-Anderson-De Boer analyses. Paper presented at the International Meeting on Fats and Oils Technology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, 1991.     

Synthesis of 2‐monoglycerides by alcoholysis of palm oil and tuna oil using immobilized lipases

Commercial immobilized lipases were used for the synthesis of 2‐monoglycerides (2‐MG) by alcoholysis of palm and tuna oils with ethanol in organic solvents. Several parameters were studied, i.e., the type of immobilized lipases, water activity, type of solvents and temperatures. The optimum conditions for alcoholysis of tuna oil were at a water activity of 0.43 and a temperature of 60 °C in methyl‐tert‐butyl ether for ～12 h. Although immobilized lipase preparations from Pseudomonas sp. and Candida antarctica fraction B are not 1, 3‐regiospecific enzymes, they were considered to be more suitable for the production of 2‐MG by the alcoholysis of tuna oil than the 1, 3‐regiospecific lipases (Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei and lipase D from Rhizopus delemar). With Pseudomonas sp. lipase a yield of up to 81% 2‐MG containing 80% PUFA (poly‐unsaturated fatty acids) from tuna oil was achieved. The optimum conditions for alcoholysis of palm oil were similar as these of tuna oil alcoholysis. However, lipase D immobilized on Accurel EP100 was used as catalyst at 40 °C with shorter reaction times (<12 h). This lead to a yield of ～60% 2‐MG containing 55.0‐55.7% oleic acid and 18.7‐21.0% linoleic acid.     

固定化脱氮硫杆菌净化硫化氢气体的研究

以海藻酸钙包埋脱氮硫杆菌制成的固定化微生物颗粒填充生物固定床,用以净化低浓度H2S废气。实验研究了温度、pH值、进气浓度及流速对反应体系中的H2S脱除率的影响,测定了生物固定床中代谢物的种类及其含量。结果表明当进气口的质量浓度低于6×10-5mg/L、25～40℃、pH值在6.0～7.5范围时,生物固定床对废气中H2S的脱除率可达90%以上,在反应过程中pH值保持不变;进气口的流速对不同浓度的H2S的影响较大,当进气口H2S质量浓度为3×10-5mg/L且流速在35L/h时,脱除率高达95%以上。元素硫作为主要产物防止了生物固定床的酸化,并保证脱硫装置的稳定性。     

固定化紫草细胞生产紫草宁衍生物

用海藻胶包埋紫草细胞,在紫草色素生产培养基M_9中,常温、黑暗下培养不同时间,收集培养液并提取色素,进行紫外—可见全波长分光光度扫描和TLC分析。结果表明:固定化紫草细胞可连续分泌紫草色素,其主要成分与天然成分基本相同,产量已达到一定水平。此外对海藻胶包埋条件、固定化珠粒的稳定性以及1L固定化植物细胞反应器生产紫草色素工艺进行了讨论。     

三种不同形式的丙酸杆菌发酵的对比研究

在相同环境条件下,对游离、海藻酸钠包埋固定以及壳聚糖交联固定三种不同形式丙酸杆菌发酵的固定化颗粒性能、产丙酸量、pH值变化、残糖浓度变化等进行了对比研究.结果表明:使用壳聚糖交联固定的丙酸杆菌,分批发酵的产酸量可达14.6 g·L-1,高于游离法(11.5 g·L-1)和海藻酸钠包埋固定法(12.4 g·L-1);且在颗粒性能方面,比海藻酸钠固定颗粒有更强的耐酸性和更高的机械强度.     

聚乙烯醇/累托石复合载体固定菲降解菌的研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、累托石、海藻酸钠(SA)作为固定化载体材料,硼酸和氯化钙作为交联剂,将菲的降解菌(茄镰孢菌)包埋制备固定化微生物小球.考察了累托石、海藻酸钠、氯化钙的用量,微生物包埋量,PVA投加量,交联时间等因素对微生物小球活性的影响,及固定化茄镰孢菌小球的机械强度和传质性能.结果表明,聚乙烯醇和累托石复合载体可作为包埋固定微生物(茄镰孢菌)的优良材料.适量使用累托石,不仅可增加固定化微生物小球的机械强度,而且可增强小球的传质性能.