Co-Oxidative Transformation of Piperine to Piperonal and 3,4-Methylenedioxycinnamaldehyde by a Lipoxygenase from Pleurotus sapidus

The valuable aroma compound piperonal with its vanilla-like olfactory properties is of high interest for the fragrance and flavor industry. A lipoxygenase (LOX_Psa1) of the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus was identified to convert piperine, the abundant pungent principle of black pepper (Piper nigrum), to piperonal and a second volatile product, 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamaldehyde, with a vanilla-like odor through an alkene cleavage. The reaction principle was co-oxidation, as proven by its dependence on the presence of linoleic or α-linolenic acid, common substrates of lipoxygenases. Optimization of the reaction conditions (substrate concentrations, reaction temperature and time) led to a 24-fold and 15-fold increase of the piperonal and 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamaldehyde concentration using the recombinant enzyme. Monokaryotic strains showed different concentrations of and ratios between the two reaction products.     

Borcalein: a Carborane-Based Analogue of Baicalein with 12-Lipoxygenase-Independent Toxicity

12-Lipoxygenase is crucial for tumour angiogenesis. 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (baicalein) is a suitable inhibitor for this enzyme but is rapidly metabolised in vivo. Thus, an improvement of the metabolic stability is necessary to enhance the therapeutic efficiency. An emerging approach to enhance metabolic stability of carbon-based pharmaceuticals is the use of metabolically stable, non-toxic boron clusters, such as dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)s (carboranes) as phenyl mimetics. Therefore, the unsubstituted phenyl ring of baicalein was replaced by meta-carborane, resulting in borcalein, the carborane analogue of baicalein. This substitution resulted in a decreased inhibitory activity toward 12-lipoxygenase, but led to increased toxicity in melanoma (A375, B16, B16F10) and colon cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116, CT26CL25) with decreased tumour selectivity in comparison to baicalein. Surprisingly, borcalein displays a different mechanism of cytotoxicity with increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and nitric oxide (NO).     

Bread and durum wheat compared for antioxidants contents,and lipoxygenase and peroxidase activities

Potential beneficial components, including proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were investigated in wholemeal of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) novel wheat genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. The protein contnet and the antioxidant properties varied according to the two different wheat species, as well as, between the different bread and durum wheat genotypes themselves. The results indicated significant differences in proteins and antioxidant compounds between bread and durum wheat. Higher total proteins, wet gluten and antioxidants contents, combined with lower LOX and POD activities, point to a higher nutritive value of durum wheat than bread wheat.     

猪肉脂肪氧化酶在高压结合热处理过程中失活动力学模型

为了解猪肉高压加工过程中脂肪氧化酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)活性的变化规律,以猪背最长肌为原料,经不同压力(200~700 MPa)、温度(20~60℃)结合处理后,研究LOX失活常数的变化规律,并分别用Arrhenius和Eyring方程为基础来建立LOX失活的动力学模型。结果表明,当处理温度不变时,失活常数随压力的增加而增加;同样,当处理压力不变时,失活常数随温度升高而增加。Arrhenius和Eyring方程分别适用于整个研究的温度区间和压力区间,分别以两者为基础可以建立LOX失活的动力学方程,两个方程的拟合程度均较高,决定系数分别达到0.989和0.965。因此在一定的处理温度(20~60℃)和压力(200~700 MPa)范围内,猪肉高压结合热处理过程中LOX活性的变化可以用以Arrhenius和Eyring方程为基础建立的数学模型进行预测。     

鲈鱼风干成熟过程中脂质分解氧化规律

以鲈鱼(perch)为原料进行腌制风干成熟,通过分析测定加工过程中鲈鱼肌肉脂肪组成、脂肪酶及脂肪氧合酶(LOX)活力、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)和过氧化值(POV)变化情况,探究其脂质分解氧化规律。结果表明:鲈鱼肌肉风干过程中总脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),中性脂质、磷脂含量在加工过程中显著下降(P<0.05),游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量显著上升(P<0.05),棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、二十碳五烯酸(C20:5)和二十二碳六烯酸(C2 2:6)是FFA的主体成分;酸性脂肪酶、中性脂肪酶和磷脂酶活力在加工过程中总体上都呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),且磷脂酶活力下降幅度最大,中性脂肪酶活力始终显著高于其他两种酶(P<0.05);而LOX活力持续下降,POV和TBARS值在整个加工过程中都呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,说明风干成熟后期较高的温度能促进脂质氧化产物进一步分解,加速风味物质的形成。     

人工加速老化对茶叶籽储藏特性的影响

研究了人工加速老化对茶叶籽含水率、含油率、可溶性蛋白、脂肪酶、脂肪氧化酶活性、酸价、过氧化值的影响及脂肪酸组分的变化。结果表明,人工加速老化促进茶叶籽老化进程,老化程度与老化强度成正比。随着人工加速老化时间的延长,茶叶籽含水率上升,可溶性蛋白含量下降;茶叶籽脂肪酶活力下降,脂肪氧化酶活力上升;茶叶籽油酸价和过氧化值增高;茶叶籽含油率逐渐升高,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值下降,单不饱和脂肪酸与多不饱和脂肪酸比值上升。通过对茶叶籽老化不同阶段储藏特性的测定可以预测茶叶籽劣变程度。     

动物脂肪氧化酶及其对动物性食品的影响研究进展

脂质的氧化是导致动物性食品及其原料在加工、储运过程中营养价值和产品品质下降的重要原因之一。脂肪氧化酶(LOXs)是催化脂质,特别是不饱和脂质氧化的关键酶。它催化多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)氧化,导致动物性食品风味、色泽及质构劣化,营养价值降低。文章根据近几十年国内外研究资料,在详细介绍LOXs分子结构的基础上,着重阐述LOXs催化PUFA氧化的催化反应性能,并对LOXs的发现、分布、分离纯化与活性测定方法及其对动物性食品的影响等方面的重要研究进行综述。     

高静压技术对豆浆中脂肪氧合酶的钝化效果及其动力学分析

研究了高静压技术(HHP)对豆浆中脂肪氧合酶(LOX)活性的钝化作用,并进行失活动力学分析。结果表明:HHP处理能显著钝化豆浆中LOX活性。用300～600MPa压力处理5～20min,对LOX活性有显著的钝化效果(P<0.05),并且随处理压力和处理时间的增加,酶的失活率提高。当压力500MPa,保压时间0min时也有一定的钝化LOX效果;当压力600MPa处理10min以上,豆浆LOX活性被完全抑制。用500MPa处理5min,可以达到与传统巴氏杀菌相同的钝酶效果(P>0.05)。HHP技术钝化豆浆LOX的过程可用一级动力学模型拟合(R2>0.900)。随着压力的升高和处理时间的延长,k值逐渐升高,D值逐渐减小;动力学参数ZP和Va分别为125.94MPa和-45.290cm3/mol。HHP技术在钝化豆浆中脂肪氧合酶活性方面比传统巴氏杀菌彻底,效果更好。其在改善豆浆品质方面具有良好的应用前景。