首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   31746篇
  免费   3268篇
  国内免费   2125篇
电工技术   1111篇
技术理论   4篇
综合类   1863篇
化学工业   9303篇
金属工艺   299篇
机械仪表   551篇
建筑科学   1492篇
矿业工程   230篇
能源动力   2709篇
轻工业   1632篇
水利工程   256篇
石油天然气   560篇
武器工业   72篇
无线电   2756篇
一般工业技术   3122篇
冶金工业   363篇
原子能技术   164篇
自动化技术   10652篇
  2024年   201篇
  2023年   715篇
  2022年   1135篇
  2021年   1380篇
  2020年   1367篇
  2019年   1102篇
  2018年   906篇
  2017年   1141篇
  2016年   1165篇
  2015年   1300篇
  2014年   2272篇
  2013年   2030篇
  2012年   2653篇
  2011年   2525篇
  2010年   1851篇
  2009年   1729篇
  2008年   1705篇
  2007年   2039篇
  2006年   1596篇
  2005年   1489篇
  2004年   1223篇
  2003年   1108篇
  2002年   808篇
  2001年   698篇
  2000年   581篇
  1999年   515篇
  1998年   393篇
  1997年   311篇
  1996年   252篇
  1995年   175篇
  1994年   191篇
  1993年   148篇
  1992年   121篇
  1991年   79篇
  1990年   52篇
  1989年   29篇
  1988年   34篇
  1987年   19篇
  1986年   22篇
  1985年   13篇
  1984年   8篇
  1983年   8篇
  1982年   7篇
  1981年   2篇
  1980年   8篇
  1979年   3篇
  1977年   5篇
  1976年   2篇
  1972年   2篇
  1951年   19篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Evaluation of kinetic distribution and behaviors of nanoparticles in vivo provides crucial clues into their roles in living organisms. Extracellular vesicles are evolutionary conserved nanoparticles, known to play important biological functions in intercellular, inter‐species, and inter‐kingdom communication. In this study, the first kinetic analysis of the biodistribution of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)—bacterial extracellular vesicles—with immune‐modulatory functions is performed. OMVs, injected intraperitoneally, spread to the whole mouse body and accumulate in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney within 3 h of administration. As an early systemic inflammation response, increased levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 are observed in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood is decreased. OMVs and cytokine concentrations, as well as body temperature are gradually decreased 6 h after OMV injection, in concomitance with the formation of eye exudates, and of an increase in ICAM‐1 levels in the lung. Following OMV elimination, most of the inflammatory signs are reverted, 12 h post‐injection. However, leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are increased as a late reaction. Taken together, these results suggest that OMVs are effective mediators of long distance communication in vivo.  相似文献   
2.
Fault detection, isolation and optimal control have long been applied to industry. These techniques have proven various successful theoretical results and industrial applications. Fault diagnosis is considered as the merge of fault detection (that indicates if there is a fault) and fault isolation (that determines where the fault is), and it has important effects on the operation of complex dynamical systems specific to modern industry applications such as industrial electronics, business management systems, energy, and public sectors. Since the resources are always limited in real-world industrial applications, the solutions to optimally use them under various constraints are of high actuality. In this context, the optimal tuning of linear and nonlinear controllers is a systematic way to meet the performance specifications expressed as optimization problems that target the minimization of integral- or sum-type objective functions, where the tuning parameters of the controllers are the vector variables of the objective functions. The nature-inspired optimization algorithms give efficient solutions to such optimization problems. This paper presents an overview on recent developments in machine learning, data mining and evolving soft computing techniques for fault diagnosis and on nature-inspired optimal control. The generic theory is discussed along with illustrative industrial process applications that include a real liquid level control application, wind turbines and a nonlinear servo system. New research challenges with strong industrial impact are highlighted.  相似文献   
3.
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is concerned with how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) might facilitate learning in groups which can be co-located or distributed over a network of computers such as Internet. CSCL supports effective learning by means of communication of ideas and information among learners, collaborative access of essential documents, and feedback from instructors and peers on learning activities. As the cloud technologies are increasingly becoming popular and collaborative learning is evolving, new directions for development of collaborative learning tools deployed on cloud are proposed. Development of such learning tools requires access to substantial data stored in the cloud. Ensuring efficient access to such data is hindered by the high latencies of wide-area networks underlying the cloud infrastructures. To improve learners’ experience by accelerating data access, important files can be replicated so a group of learners can access data from nearby locations. Since a cloud environment is highly dynamic, resource availability, network latency, and learner requests may change. In this paper, we present the advantages of collaborative learning and focus on the importance of data replication in the design of such a dynamic cloud-based system that a collaborative learning portal uses. To this end, we introduce a highly distributed replication technique that determines optimal data locations to improve access performance by minimizing replication overhead (access and update). The problem is formulated using dynamic programming. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed collaborative learning system used by institutions in geographically distributed locations.  相似文献   
4.
随着计算机网络技术的发展,远程教学系统的结构发生了重大的变化,逐步由原来的客户机/服务器(C/S)结构转变为基于Internet的浏览器/服务器(B/S)结构。本文提出了基于CORBA技术的B/S结构系统模型。分析了其运行过程,并与传统的结构进行了比较,指明了其优越性。在本文的结尾。指出了使用这种技术的一个具体例子。  相似文献   
5.
结合我国汽车计算平台工程,分析了国外相关的标准现状和基本框架,并为今后工作的开展提出了建议.  相似文献   
6.
The application of ion exchange membranes as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in fuel cells is state-of-the-art. This technology needs no supporting electrolyte; consequently it can be applied for electro-organic syntheses in order to save process steps. In this case the process is not predetermined to a maximized energy efficiency so that the selection of the cell design, of the electrode materials and of the operating conditions can be focused on a high selectivity of the electrode reactions. The electro-osmotic stream, which is caused by the solvation shells of the ions during their migration through the membrane, and hence is a typical property of SPE technology, has a significant effect on the electrode reactions. It generates enhanced mass transfer at the electrodes, which is beneficial for reaction selectivity. It can be influenced by the choice of, and possibly by the preparation of, the membrane. An additional remarkable advantage of SPE technology is the exceptional long durability of oxide coated electrodes. By combination of several process engineering methods stable operation of SPE cells has been realized, even for examples of non-aqueous reaction systems. Experiments up to 6000 h duration and in cells of up to 250 cm2 membrane area show the potential for industrial application.  相似文献   
7.
CA/PAN中空纤维血浆分离膜的结构与性能   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
本研究以CA及PAN的共混溶液,通过干-湿法纺丝制取中空纤维,利用共混高聚物各组分在凝固剂中相分离速度的差异,形成具有稳定结构的中空纤维孔膜,该膜用于分离血液中的血浆成分具有良好效果。讨论了成型条件及添加剂等对膜结构、性能的影响,用SEM及图相分析仪、MAP压汞仪及DSC等分析手段,对膜的微孔结构、形态、孔尺寸及中空纤维膜的血浆通量和水通量等进行了系统的考查。  相似文献   
8.
软X射线不仅能引起红细胞表面电荷的变化,同时也能导致淋巴细胞和血小板表面电荷下降,表现为照射后它们的电泳率下降。低剂量范围内,这种电荷的变化是暂时性的,照后4小时降到最低点,24小时后恢复到对照的水平。细胞电泳率的下降与辐射剂量相关。淋巴细胞是一个复杂的细胞群,正常状态下,按细胞在电场中泳动速度的快慢,可分为两个组分:快峰为T细胞,慢峰为B细胞。软X射线照射以后,T和B细胞的电泳率皆减慢,频数分布峰值下降,离散度加大。血小板成分单一,电泳率较一致。 从照射浓集的血小板再加回自身血浆中电泳率的下降较照射血浆再加到血小板中的电泳率下降大得多;受照射的血小板在磷酸缓冲液中电泳率下降较在血浆悬液中严重得多;2000 rad照后,悬浮于血浆中的血小板电泳率能恢复,而悬浮于磷酸缓冲液中则不能恢复,三个方面来看,血浆中可能存在抗辐射因子。超氧化物岐化酶能有效地预防血小板电泳率的下降,从而可阻止血小板的凝聚。  相似文献   
9.
Emig  G.  Liauw  M.A. 《Topics in Catalysis》2002,21(1-3):11-24
In order to enhance product yields in selective oxidation reactions, numerous reaction engineering concepts are being studied worldwide. Periodic operation has been investigated for decades, yet its application is limited to a few examples, such as the butane oxidation after DuPont or reverse-flow reactors for VOC removal. The use of microchannel reactors is a younger field, but it has already yielded promising results for process optimization. Catalytic wall reactors have proved to be a helpful tool for kinetic studies. On the laboratory scale, membrane reactors have displayed favorable behavior in selective oxidation. The Na vapor-catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde is a final example of an unusual new concept for selective oxidation.  相似文献   
10.
In the present work, the prospects and trends of solid electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) towards hydrogen production, are discussed. Initially, an overview of the principles, the properties and the techniques related to the usage of the SEMRs, are presented. In the following, a literature survey covering earlier and recent developments of the various methods (e.g. reforming or partial oxidation or dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, steam electrolysis) employed in the SEMRs for the production of hydrogen, is performed. Finally, the current status of this research field is analyzed and future research topics are proposed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号