工业汽轮机阀杆超音速火焰喷涂的研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂球形烧结态Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末制备高温耐磨损涂层，分析了涂层的显微组织结构，测试了涂层的结合强度、硬度和耐磨性能，结果表明：涂层中以Cr3C2为主的颗粒增强相弥散分布在NiCr固溶体中，涂层的显微硬度比基体(2Cr12MoV)提高了3倍多，摩擦磨损性能也有明显提高。     

T型ECAP变形纯铝微观组织与力学性能研究

在室温下对工业纯铝进行T型等通道挤压变形(T-ECAP),研究了挤压速度(5、12、60、120、180mm/min)和挤压道次(1道次、2道次、4道次)对纯铝微观组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:不同挤压速度下,1道次挤压变形可以将晶粒细化到1μm以下,但是微观组织存在不均匀性;随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒逐渐细化,4道次时晶粒大小为350nm.在试样的纵向中心位置,显微硬度呈现“两端高,中间低”的漏斗状分布;随着挤压道次的增加,漏斗状的硬度分布逐渐减弱,4道次挤压变形后,硬度逐渐趋于均匀.挤压速度180mm/min时,拉伸强度呈现反常的Hall-Petch关系.随着挤压道次的增加,伸长率逐渐增大,2道次挤压变形后,拉伸强度趋于平稳.     

奥氏体不透钢堆焊层激光表面重熔组织及耐腐蚀性能

激光重熔表面热处理技术可提高零件表面获得高的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性等,在化工和核电等行业有较好的应用前景,但国内对不锈钢堆焊层焊后表面热处理的研究较少.针对这一现状,对奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层表面进行激光重熔处理,观察其显微组织,并检测重熔表面显微硬度及耐腐蚀性.结果表明,激光重熔后表面显微组织呈细小的树枝-胞状晶奥氏体;激光重熔试样显微硬度大幅提高,较焊态试样提高87.6％;在9.8％的H2SO4溶液中,激光重熔表面处理后的堆焊层金属较易形成钝化膜,耐腐蚀性较好;10％草酸溶液电解试验中,焊态堆焊层金属晶间腐蚀敏感性较高,激光重熔区域为细小的奥氏体晶粒,不易形成连续的“贫铬区”,激光重熔堆焊层金属的晶间腐蚀敏感性较小.     

Effects of composition and furnace temperature on (Ni,Co) (Cr,Al)2O4 pigments synthesized by solution combustion route

The effects of composition and furnace temperature on Ni_1‐ΨCo_ΨCr_2?2ΨAl_2ΨO₄ (0≤Ψ≤1) pigments prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis were studied. As‐synthesized samples showed spinel‐like spongy structure, very easy to grind. However, important differences on crystallinity, crystal size, and microstructure were observed depending on composition and furnace temperature. All pigments developed intense tones, covering a wide color palette because of composition influence, although little effect was observed with furnace temperature. Stable crystalline structures, suitable grain size, and high resistance against synthesizing variables and ceramic glazes make SCS pigments perfect candidates to be used in the ceramic ink‐jet decoration.     

The effect of BaTiO3 addition on the dielectric constant of Si3N4 ceramics

Si₃N₄ ceramics with different BaTiO₃ contents have been fabricated by pressureless sintering in a N₂ atmosphere at 1680°C for 2 h. Al₂O₃ and Nd₂O₃ were used as sintering additives to promote the densification of Si₃N₄ ceramics. The effect of BaTiO₃ addition on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, microstructure, and dielectric properties of Si₃N₄ ceramics was investigated. The relative density and flexural strength of Si₃N₄ ceramics increased with the addition of BaTiO₃ up to 15 wt% and then decreased, while the dielectric constant increased continuously as the BaTiO₃ contents increased. The dielectric constant of Si₃N₄ ceramics can be tailored in the range from 8.42 to 12.96 by the addition of 5 wt%‐20 wt% BaTiO₃. Meanwhile, these Si₃N₄ ceramics all had flexural strength higher than 500 MPa.     

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Ni based soft magnetic alloy

A Ni‐based alloy was heat treated by changing the temperature and ambient atmosphere of the heat treatment. Morphology, crystal structure, and physical performance of the Ni‐based alloy were characterized via SEM, XRD, TEM, and PPMS. Results show that due to the heat treatment process, the grain growth of the Ni‐based alloy and the removal of impurities and defects are promoted. Both the orientation and stress caused by rolling are reduced. The permeability and saturation magnetization of the alloy are improved. The hysteresis loss and coercivity are decreased. Higher heat treatment temperature leads to increased improvement of permeability and saturation magnetization. Heat treatment in hydrogen is more conducive to the removal of impurities. At the same temperature, the magnetic performance of the heat‐treated alloy in hydrogen is better than that of an alloy with heat treatment in vacuum. The Ni‐based alloy shows an excellent magnetic performance on 1,373 K heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere. In this process, the µ_m, B_s, P_u, and H_c of the obtained alloy are 427 mHm^?1, 509 mT, 0.866 Jm^?3, and 0.514 Am^?1, respectively. At the same time, the resistivity of alloy decreases and its thermal conductivity increases in response to heat treatment.     

Pore orientation of the gadolinia‐doped ceria cathode interlayer for a tubular SOFC using dip‐coating

An active region of cathode interlayer in a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is structurally analyzed using a dual‐beam focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM). The GDC (10 mol% gadolinia‐doped ceria) cathode interlayer (about 1 μm in thickness) is dip‐coated, and then sintered on YSZ (8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia) electrolyte. At 1150°C sintering temperature, the pores oriented more along the axial direction than the radial direction. The anisotropy of pore shape is accounted for the withdrawal force during the dip‐coating of the GDC interlayer.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of sheep horn

The sheep horn presents outstanding mechanical properties of impact resistance and energy absorption, which suits the need of the vehicle bumper design, but the mechanism behind this phenomenon is less investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the sheep horn of Small Tailed Han Sheep (Ovis aries) living in northeast China were investigated in this article. The effect of sampling position and orientation of the sheep horn sheath on mechanical properties were researched by tensile and compression tests. Meanwhile, the surface morphology and microstructure of the sheep horn were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation mechanism of the mechanical properties of the sheep horn was investigated by biological coupling analysis. The analytical results indicated that the outstanding mechanical properties of the sheep horn are determined by configuration, structure, surface morphology and material coupling elements. These biological coupling elements make the sheep horn possess super characteristics of crashworthiness and energy absorption through the internal coupling mechanism. We suppose that these findings would make a difference in vehicle bumper design. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:664–674, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.