饱和块状混合回填土地基的一维固结分析

用块状渣土置换软弱地基和回填低洼谷地等是处置工程渣土的有效途径。为了分析饱和块状混合回填土地基的固结性状，运用混合物理论建立了其一维固结模型。首先，假定块状土固相和充填土固相之间满足等应变条件，获得了饱和块状混合回填土中各相应变与块状土孔隙变形和充填土孔隙变形的关系式。其次，在小应变条件下，根据自由能势函数方程建立了饱和块状混合回填土的一维线弹性本构方程，再结合达西定律和应力平衡方程获得了一维固结控制方程。再次，利用分离变量法得到一维固结解析解，通过退化本文模型与已有模型进行对比，验证了本文模型的正确性。最后，基于所得解析解，分析了充填土孔隙渗透系数、块状土孔隙渗透系数以及流体交换参数等因素对饱和块状混合回填土地基固结性状的影响。分析结果表明：充填土孔隙渗透系数对饱和块状混合回填土地基整体固结性状起主导作用；在固结初期，块状土超孔压会有一定程度的上升，且3个参数具有相似的作用机理。     

Effect of the particle size ratio on macro- and mesoscopic shear characteristics of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture interface

As a new type of material for civil engineering projects, the rubber and sand mixture is widely used in roadbed fillers, offering environmental benefits over traditional tyre disposal methods. This study uses a large-scale direct shear apparatus to examine the interface shear properties of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture, considering different particle size ratios (r), rubber contents, and normal stresses. Based on indoor tests, direct shear models of the mixture with different values of r are established in PFC^3D, revealing the meso-mechanical mechanism of the mixture in the direct shear process. The results show that when r is greater than 1, incorporating a certain amount of rubber particles can increase the shear strength of the mixture. The r values of 15.78, 7.63, and 3.98 correspond to an optimal rubber content of 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. When r is less than 1, mixing rubber particles can only reduce the shear strength of the mixture. When the rubber content is low, the smaller the value of r, the greater is the thickness of the shear band. Furthermore, the normal and tangential contact forces are greater. The fabric anisotropy evolution law of the mixture is consistent with the change in the contact force distribution.     

混合概率模型驱动的叠前地震反演方法

叠前地震反演是获取复杂油气储层弹性参数、岩性及含流体性质的主要途径。常规的叠前地震反演往往将“弹性参数”、“离散岩性”和“流体因子”三者独立预测，通常忽视了储层岩性差异对弹性参数的影响，由此引入的先验信息误差会严重影响弹性参数、离散岩性及流体指示因子预测的精度。为此，考虑待反演模型参数的先验概率服从混合型概率密度分布，基于贝叶斯框架推导了由时域、频域地震、低频整合先验信息及已知模型数据点四类数据集协同约束的后验混合概率分布的显式解，将非线性边界约束算法引入叠前地震弹性参数反演中，缓解了模型反演出现不稳定解的问题；利用序贯模拟算法对后验概率密度函数随机采样，且对不同后验概率分量的模拟结果进行分类，发展了对地层连续“弹性参数”、“离散岩性”及储层“流体因子”的叠前地震同步预测方法。理论测试和实际应用验证了该方法在岩性预测和储层孔隙流体识别中的有效性和实用性。     

飞灰固结体在沥青混合料中应用研究

通过对新型固结剂固化飞灰生成的固结体研磨成微粉全部或部分替代矿粉作为沥青混合料进行试验探究。试验结果表明,当微粉替代矿粉时,混合料的物理性能、水稳定性及高温稳定性得到了提高,确定了微粉替代矿粉最佳替代率。微粉在沥青混合料中重金属的存在状态采用多级提取的方法进行分析,试验结果进一步证明了微粉中重金属在沥青混合料中的长期稳定性。为焚烧垃圾飞灰固化稳定化和资源化利用提供了一定的理论指导。     

Spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen during its sudden release into hydrogen/air mixtures

This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen additions on spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen released into hydrogen-air mixture. Hydrogen and air are premixed with different volume concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% H₂) in the tube before high-pressure hydrogen is suddenly released. Pressure transducers are employed to detect the shock waves, estimate the mean shock wave speed and record the shock wave overpressure. Light sensors are used to determine the occurrence of high-pressure hydrogen spontaneous ignition in the tube. A high-speed camera is used to capture the flame propagation behavior outside the tube. It is found that only 5% hydrogen addition could decrease the minimum storage pressure required for spontaneous ignition from 4.37 MPa to 2.78 MPa significantly. When 10% or 15% hydrogen is added to the air, the minimum storage pressure decreases to 2.81 MPa and 1.85 MPa, respectively. When hydrogen addition increases to 20%, the spontaneous ignition even takes place at burst pressure as low as 1.79 MPa inside the straight tube.     

风城油田超稠油油藏非均质储集层地应力场特征

风城油田浅层超稠油油藏非均质储集层具有埋藏浅、非均质性强、隔夹层发育等特点,阻碍SAGD蒸汽腔的发育,需要利用水力压裂建立渗流通道。为指导储集层压裂,分析了非均质储集层沉积特征、地应力场分布,以及隔夹层对地应力场的影响,结合岩石力学室内实验、测井资料解释和地应力测试结果,建立埋藏深度为282~332 m储集层三维应力场模型。模拟结果与小型压裂测试比较显示,建立的三维应力场模型贴合实际地层侧向压力系数和最大水平主应力与垂向主应力的比值,能较好地反映储集层岩性交界面和应力特征。超稠油储集层以垂向主应力为主,利于引导垂向裂缝;岩性交界面地应力突变,储集层砂岩最小水平主应力小于泥岩隔夹层最小水平主应力。泥岩隔夹层具有较高的破裂压力、杨氏模量和最小水平主应力,裂缝扩展能力弱于油砂段。压裂设计应选择隔夹层内或下方射孔,控制缝高,避免砂堵,以达到较好改善渗流能力的目的。     

Hydrocarbon generation potential of the C-P continental source rocks in the Qinshui Basin

The hydrocarbon generation potential of continental source rocks in the Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) coal-bearing stratum in the Qinshui Basin were systematically analyzed in this paper. R_o of the C-P source rocks is mainly distributed between 1.5% and 2.5%. The coal rock belongs to a typical type III organic matter, while the mudstone mainly contains type III organic matter and a small proportion of type II₂ organic matter. Moreover, The geochemical characteristics of the source rock kerogen was analyzed in detail. Finally, an evaluation standard for hydrocarbon generation potential of the C-P continental source rocks was proposed.     

C2H6/C3H8影响CH4爆炸极限参数及动力学特性研究

为研究C₂H₆/C₃H₈对甲烷爆炸极限参数及动力学特性的影响，采用标准的可燃气体爆炸极限测定装置测定了不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸极限的影响规律，同时得出了氮气惰化条件下甲烷爆炸临界参数的变化规律。此外，利用Chemkin软件模拟了C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸过程中中间产物浓度的影响情况，并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在降低了甲烷的爆炸上下限，增大了甲烷的爆炸危险度；在氮气惰化过程中甲烷的爆炸上限下降，爆炸下限上升，最终爆炸上下限重合，重合点处甲烷浓度和氮气临界浓度均随C₂H₆/C₃H₈的添加而逐渐减小；此外，C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体使甲烷爆炸过程中CO和·H的生成量逐渐增大，而CO₂、·O和·OH的生成量则有下降趋势，通过对爆炸过程中甲烷体积的敏感性分析，发现C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在在某种程度上促进了甲烷爆炸。对比不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体，发现C₃H₈含量越高，其对甲烷爆炸过程中相关参数的影响越大，这可为工矿企业的安全生产提供一定的理论依据。     

Comprehensive analysis on anomalous phenomenon of ethanol-soluble poly(vinyl butyral) membrane for ethanol recovery via pervaporation

Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) is selected as a promising ethanol-permselective membrane based on the solubility parameter theory; however, it exhibits anomalous water perm-selectivity in practical pervaporation (PV) process. Comprehensive analysis based on experimental and theoretical methods were carried out to explore the inherent mechanism of the anomalous performance. Firstly, sum frequency generation vibrational spectra and contact angle were developed to quantify the surface reconstruction of membrane in air and ethanol, which indicated that hydrophilic hydroxyl tended to expose on membrane surface with ethanol thus improving the membrane affinity to water. Meanwhile, swelling behaviors proved more water would accumulate in the ethanol swollen membrane. Furthermore, theoretical analysis in terms of sorption and diffusion process, based on the UNIFAC-FV model and Fujita free-volume theory, confirmed the mechanism of anomalous phenomenon of PVB membrane. The comprehensive investigation was expected to provide insights into the basic separation mechanism of PV process.     

Bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed systems around the world - Bed agglomeration and collapse: A comprehensive review

Thermochemical conversion by gasification process is one of the most relevant technologies for energy recovery from solid fuel, with an energy conversion efficiency better than other alternatives like combustion and pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the most common technology used in the last decades for thermochemical conversion of solid fuel through gasification process, such as coal, agriculture residues or biomass residues are the fluidized bed or bubbling fluidized bed system. For these gasification technologies, an inert bed material is fed into reactor to improve the homogenization of the particles mixture and increase the heat transfer between solid fuel particles and the bed material. The fluidized bed reactors usually operate at isothermal bed temperatures in the range of 700–1000 °C, providing a suitable contact between solid and gas phases. In this way, chemical reactions with high conversion yield, as well as an intense circulation and mixing of the solid particles are encouraged. Moreover, a high gasification temperature favours carbon conversion efficiency, increasing the syngas production and energy performance of the gasifier. However, the risk of eutectic mixtures formation and its subsequent melting process are increased, and hence the probability of bed agglomeration and the system collapse could be increased, mainly when alkali and alkaline earth metals-rich biomasses are considered. Generally, bed agglomeration occurs when biomass-derived ash reacts with bed material, and the lower melting temperature of ash components promotes the formation of highly viscous layers, which encourages the progressive agglomerates creation, and consequently, the bed collapse and system de-fluidization. Taking into account the relevance of this topic to ensure the normal gasification process operating, this paper provides several aspects about bed agglomeration, mostly for biomass gasification systems. In this way, chemistry and mechanism of bed agglomeration, as well as, some methods for in-situ detection and prediction of the bed agglomeration phenomenon are reviewed and discussed.