首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   333篇
  免费   15篇
  国内免费   5篇
电工技术   1篇
综合类   6篇
化学工业   86篇
金属工艺   1篇
机械仪表   6篇
建筑科学   5篇
矿业工程   1篇
轻工业   94篇
无线电   5篇
一般工业技术   5篇
冶金工业   142篇
自动化技术   1篇
  2022年   2篇
  2021年   12篇
  2020年   4篇
  2019年   3篇
  2018年   4篇
  2017年   1篇
  2016年   2篇
  2015年   4篇
  2014年   8篇
  2013年   10篇
  2012年   12篇
  2011年   22篇
  2010年   27篇
  2009年   30篇
  2008年   23篇
  2007年   48篇
  2006年   37篇
  2005年   13篇
  2004年   17篇
  2003年   12篇
  2002年   13篇
  2001年   10篇
  2000年   5篇
  1999年   5篇
  1998年   10篇
  1997年   2篇
  1996年   3篇
  1995年   1篇
  1994年   3篇
  1993年   3篇
  1991年   1篇
  1989年   2篇
  1988年   1篇
  1986年   2篇
  1983年   1篇
排序方式: 共有353条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Several studies have reported that nicotine, the main bioactive component of tobacco, exerts a marked negative energy balance. Apart from its anorectic action, nicotine also modulates energy expenditure, by regulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. These effects are mainly controlled at the central level by modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems and energy sensors, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this study, we aimed to investigate the kappa opioid receptor (κOR)/dynorphin signaling in the modulation of nicotine’s effects on energy balance. We found that body weight loss after nicotine treatment is associated with a down-regulation of the κOR endogenous ligand dynorphin precursor and with a marked reduction in κOR signaling and the p70 S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 (S6K/rpS6) pathway in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The inhibition of these pathways by nicotine was completely blunted in κOR deficient mice, after central pharmacological blockade of κOR, and in rodents where κOR was genetically knocked down specifically in the LHA. Moreover, κOR-mediated nicotine effects on body weight do not depend on orexin. These data unravel a new central regulatory pathway modulating nicotine’s effects on energy balance.  相似文献   
2.
采用自制设备测定中国50种不同牌号卷烟实际可燃率、自由燃烧速度,并结合气相色谱分析常规烟气成分。结果表明:①实际可燃率与自由燃烧速度呈极显著负相关,即卷烟阴燃越完全,自由燃烧速度越慢。②实际可燃率与常规烟气中的总粒相物(total particulate matter,TPM)、烟碱、焦油、抽吸口数指标均呈极显著正相关,其中与TPM相关性最强;自由燃烧速度与TPM、烟碱、焦油、抽吸口数指标均呈极显著负相关,其中与TPM、焦油相关性较强。综合分析卷烟阴燃越完全,自由燃烧速度越慢,则抽吸口数越多,焦油含量越高。  相似文献   
3.
This study examined airborne emissions from cigarette butts for styrene, 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, naphthalene, triacetin, and nicotine. Ten experiments were conducted by placing butts in a stainless steel chamber and measuring the chemical concentrations in chamber air. Emission rates were determined from the concentrations. Triacetin and nicotine concentrations were roughly 50% of initial concentrations after 100 hours, while concentrations of other chemicals decayed to less than 10% of initial concentrations within 24 hours. Initial emission rates per cigarette butt ranged from 200 to 3500 ng h−1. Triacetin and nicotine emission rates at 25°C were 1.6 to 2.2 times higher than the rates at 20°C, while the emission rates of other chemicals at 25°C were 1.1 to 1.3 times higher than the rates at 20°C only during the first sampling period. The chemical concentrations and emission rates at 30°C were comparable or lower than the values at 25°C, possibly due to different batches of cigarettes used. The 24-hours emitted mass of nicotine from a cigarette butt at 25°C could be up to 14% of the literature reported nicotine masses emitted from a burning cigarette.  相似文献   
4.
从降低卷烟焦油、烟碱量的角度出发,分析不同工艺条件下膨胀叶丝常规化学成分及烟气成分。发现试验条件下,在饱和蒸汽加入量一定,工艺气体温度较高时,膨胀叶丝烟气成分中焦油、烟碱量和CO量较低;工艺气体温度相同的条件下,焦油量、烟碱量和CO量在蒸汽加入量600kg/h时最低。  相似文献   
5.
为探讨水分含量对不同类型加热不燃烧卷烟化学成分的影响,以稠浆法薄片制备卷烟A和造纸法薄片制备卷烟B为研究对象,开展烟支水分与甘油、烟碱相关性研究,并进行扫描电镜和热重分析。结果表明:①烟草薄片中甘油、烟碱质量含量以干薄片中相应物质质量含量表述更准确。②烟气水分释放量、烟气粒相物重量与烟支含水量呈正比,粒相物水分含量为53.33%~65.89%。③受烟支加热温度及烟草薄片性质的影响,卷烟A烟气甘油释放量与烟支含水量呈正比,卷烟B烟气甘油释放量与烟支含水量呈反比,但两者烟气烟碱释放量均为50%湿度平衡后的烟支最高。另外,卷烟A的烟气中水分、甘油、烟碱转移率均显著高于卷烟B的。  相似文献   
6.
Secondhand electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol (SHA) might impair indoor air quality and expose bystanders. This study aims to investigate exposure to SHA in controlled conditions of enclosed settings simulating real-world scenario. An experiment was performed in a car and in a room, in which SHA was generated during a 30-minute ad libitum use of an e-cigarette. The experiment was replicated on five consecutive days in each setting. We measured PM2.5, airborne nicotine concentrations, and biomarkers of exposure to SHA, such as nicotine metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propylene glycol, and glycerol in bystanders’ saliva samples before, during, and after the exposure period. Self-reported health symptoms related to exposure to SHA were also recorded. The results showed that the highest median PM2.5 concentration was recorded during the exposure period, being 21 µg/m3 in the room setting and 16 µg/m3 in the car setting—about twofold increase compared to the baseline. Most concentrations of the airborne nicotine and all biomarkers were below the limit of quantification in both settings. Bystanders in both settings experienced some short-term irritation symptoms, expressed as dry throat, nose, eyes, and phlegm. In conclusion, short-term use of an e-cigarette in confined spaces increased indoor PM2.5 level and caused some irritation symptoms in bystanders.  相似文献   
7.
研究了不同种类、用量的卷烟纸添加剂对"泰山"卷烟主流烟气水分和游离烟碱含量的影响。结果表明,不同种类的添加剂对于"泰山"卷烟的烟气成分有着不同程度的影响。以烟草提取物为主的添加剂(TSJ)可有效增加卷烟烟气中重要致香成分,如:巨豆三烯酮、5-羟基甲基糠醛、棕榈酸等物质的相对含量,丰富烟香,并且降低游离烟碱的含量;以天然水果、中草药植物提取物为主的添加剂(TSS)可有效改善卷烟的舒适性,提高烟气水分的含量。结果得出TSJ的最适用量为2.0%,具有最佳的降游离烟碱含量效果;TSS的最适用量4.0%,具有最佳的增加烟气水分效果。  相似文献   
8.
应用近红外技术直接检测烟丝常规化学成分的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探讨近红外光谱分析技术直接检测烟丝常规化学成分的可行性,利用采集到的烟丝近红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对测定烟丝样品的总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾、氯含量数据与其相应的光谱数据进行拟合,建立了直接用于预测烟丝总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾和氯含量的NIRS分析模型,平均相对偏差分别为2.2%,2.37%,1.82%,2.22%,3.68%和3.30%,变异系数均小于3.5%。该模型预测准确性和重现性较高,简便、快速,适用于批量烟丝检测,尤其是无需研磨烟粉,进一步减少了粉尘的污染,可以直接用于卷烟产品叶组配方质量监控。  相似文献   
9.
Application of the Staccato system to liquid drugs presents unique technological challenges. Liquids, such as nicotine, do not form physically stable films on vaporization substrates. We identified two thermally reversible zinc halides (ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) that complex with nicotine in a 1:2 mol ratio (zinc halide: nicotine) that can be coated as a solid film. Feasibility studies indicated that the chloride complex liberates a higher fraction of nicotine upon heating whereas the nicotine aerosol purity for both complexes was approximately 99%. Using a multidose Staccato device previously used in a Phase I clinical trial, we demonstrated that highly pure nicotine aerosol can be reliably generated from the chloride complex with the following qualities: aerosol purity approximately 99%, single emitted dose approximately 117 μg, particle fraction approximately 57%, and mean particle size approximately 0.8 μm. These results were supported by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.  相似文献   
10.
目的建立快速、准确测定电子烟油中尼古丁的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry,UPLC-ESI/MS)分析方法。方法使用UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱作为固定相,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲醇为流动相,等度洗脱,在电喷雾(electronic spray ion,ESI)正离子模式下,采用选择离子监测方法进行测定,同位素D4-尼古丁稀释法定量。结果烟油中尼古丁的检出限为0.5μg/L。检测范围为2~100μg/L,样品在10、50和100 mg/kg时的加标回收率分别为84.7%、96.1%和92.7%,相对标准偏差均小于5%。结论该方法快捷、准确、灵敏度高,可用于电子烟油中尼古丁的快速准确测定。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号