Effects of breed and age at slaughter on degradation of muscle lipids during processing of dry‐cured hams

Hams from Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire pigs slaughtered at ages 6, 7.5 and 9 months were processed to generate Norwegian Parma‐style hams. Lipid contents and the compositions of fatty acid classes (ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA) within neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined. Small differences in lipid degradation and composition of the classes were revealed. However, significant sensory differences related to lipids were observed. Breed was more important than age. Dry‐cured Hampshire hams gave a more intense mature odour that may be associated with higher overall lipid degradation. Unexpectedly, these hams also demonstrated high juiciness and tenderness, which could be related to the melting characteristics of the fat. Dry‐cured Duroc hams showed a higher susceptibility towards rancidity, presumably associated with preferential oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids relative to C18:1 n‐9. Dry‐cured Landrace hams showed the lowest juiciness and tenderness, likely due to their lower fat content (marbling).     

Modelling of black carbon statistical distribution and return periods of extreme concentrations

Eight datasets of 1-h black carbon (BC) concentrations measured in Warsaw agglomeration (Poland), at urban background and sub-urban sites, and in Racibórz, a small town in Upper Silesia district (regional background site) were analyzed to evaluate BC levels, daily profiles and statistical distributions of concentrations in Central-Eastern European region. The observed mean levels ranged from 1483 ng m⁻³ in suburban site during summer to 3358 ng m⁻³ in regional background site in winter. Observed diurnal patterns were bimodal in the locations dominated by traffic emissions, but unimodal, with elevated evening peak in individually heated residential area. Three theoretical frequency distributions were applied to fit analyzed datasets separately. The lognormal distribution was the most appropriate to represent the middle-range values, while the high concentrations were satisfactorily predicted by the type I two-parameter exponential distribution which was used to estimate the return periods of extreme concentrations for winter months.     

Precision measurement of energy and position resolutions of the BTeV electromagnetic calorimeter prototype

The energy dependence of the energy and position resolutions of the electromagnetic calorimeter prototype made of lead tungstate crystals produced in Bogoroditsk (Russia) and Shanghai (China) is presented. These measurements were carried out at the Protvino accelerator using a 1–45 GeV electron beam. The crystals were coupled to photomultiplier tubes. The dependence of energy and position resolutions on different factors as well as the measured electromagnetic shower lateral profile are presented.     

双波长稳频CO_2激光模糊控制系统的建模与优化

报导一种模糊逻辑控制系统的建模与优化方法。以此方法设计的模糊逻辑控制器，用于双波长稳频ＣＯ２激光器的控制得到令人满意的结果。     

塑料挤出型材车间公用工程设计

鉴于当今人们对塑料门窗需求量的增大，通过对5个塑料挤出型材车间的设计，将其公用工程设计整理成文，总结出塑料挤出型材车间的采暖通风设计，压缩空气系统设计，制冷系统设计的较详尽的方案，以供有关设计技术人员参考。     

FW调剖技术及应用

应用FW调剖技术有针对性地对 119口非钻停井区注水井采取了 4种精细调剖方案 ,对比了化学浅调剖应用前后注水井层间矛盾的缓解 ,纵向上吸水剖面的改善 ,注水量和吸水指数的变化及渗流能力的变化。结果表明 ,注水井化学浅调剖后 ,井区的连通油井明显受效 ,获得较高的增油量 ,水驱的开发效果得到改善。化学浅调剖可以有效地封堵高渗透层 ,扩大低渗透层注入水的波及体积 ,减缓注水井层间矛盾 ,实现了对注水井吸水剖面的有效调整 ,这对深化注水结构调整、挖掘各类油层潜力、提高储量动用程度有显著的效果。     

研究生生态型学术文化建设的探讨

本文立足学术文化研究的现状和意义,引入生态学相关理论构建了生态型学术文化模型,并在此基础上建立了相应的评价体系,针对研究生生态型学术文化作了综合评价,从而导出其“五维一体、协调发展”的优化模式。     

Evaluating dynamic performance: The influence of salient Gestalt characteristics on performance ratings.

It is well recognized that performance changes over time. However, the effect of these changes on overall assessments of performance is largely unknown. In a laboratory experiment, we examined the influence of salient Gestalt characteristics of a dynamic performance profile on supervisory ratings. We manipulated performance trend (flat, linear-improving, linear-deteriorating, U-shaped, and ∩-shaped), performance variation (small, large), and performance mean (negative, zero, positive) within subjects and display format (graphic, tabular) between subjects. Participants received and evaluated information about the weekly performance of different employees over a simulated 26-week period. Results showed strong main effects on performance ratings of both performance mean and performance trend, as well as interactions with display format. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

特低渗油藏渗流特征及增产技术研究

从特低渗储层渗流机理研究出发，分析了其渗流规律——非达西渗流特征；根据储层中上覆岩石围压变化，通过室内试验表述了其对渗透率伤害。研究提出了改善渗流特征的注水条件、井网优化和压裂对策，可以有效提高这类油藏的开发效果。