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1.
Rice straw is the most abundant agricultural residue on a global scale and is widely available as feedstock for cellulosic fuel production. However, it is highly recalcitrant to biochemical deconstruction and also generates inhibitors that affect enzymatic saccharification. Rice straw from eastern Arkansas was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (160 °C, 48 min and 1.0% sulfuric acid) and solid-state fermentation with two lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum, and their saccharification efficacies were compared. T. hirsuta and M. roridum were tested separately; pretreatment of rice straw with either strain for seven days resulted in 19 and 70% enrichment of its holocellulose content, respectively. However, liquid chromatography analysis of the alkali extracts showed significant differences in cell wall degradation by T. hirsuta and M. roridum. T. hirsuta removed 15% more phenolic compounds and 38% more glucan than M. roridum, while M. roridum removed 77% more xylan than T. hirsuta. Fungal and dilute acid pretreated biomass was then hydrolyzed using Accellerase® 1500, a saccharification cocktail. Saccharification efficiency of M. roridum was 37% higher than that of dilute acid pretreatment of rice straw, requiring 8% lower enzyme loading and 50% shorter enzymatic hydrolysis duration. Alkali extraction of fungal pretreated biomass also yielded 10–15 g kg−1 of acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), which is a valuable co-product for biorefineries. In comparison to dilute acid pretreatment, fungal pretreatment could be a cost-effective alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass, such as rice straw. 相似文献
2.
JFC磷酸酯的合成和应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
详述了JFC磷酸酯的合成工艺路线,以及它在织物前处理精练工艺中的应用。与其它磷酸酯类精练剂性能对比,证明它可作为一种性能优良的精练剂中的添加剂。 相似文献
3.
氨氮监测采用预蒸馏处理后,比色测定结果明显偏低。在样品预蒸馏处理过程中,硼酸作为吸收液,使显色时溶液pH值偏低,导致显色不充分是其主要影响因素。通过采取增加显色剂加入量的方法,解决了显色pH值偏低的问题,得到满意的测定结果。 相似文献
4.
Xue‐Bing Zhao Lei Wang De‐Hua Liu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(6):950-956
Previous work has shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse could be greatly enhanced by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment. There are several factors affecting the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass, including lignin and hemicelluloses content, cellulose crystallinity, acetyl group content, accessible surface area and so on. The objective of this work is to analyze the mechanism of the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility caused by PAA pretreatment. Delignification resulted in an increase of the surface area and reduction of the irreversible absorption of cellulase, which helped to increase the enzymatic digestibility. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of aromatic skeletal vibrations were weakened or disappeared after PAA pretreatment. However, the infrared crystallization index (N.O'KI) was increased. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystallinity of PAA‐treated samples was increased owing to the partial removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses and probable physical change of cellulose. The effect of acetyl group content on enzymatic digestibility is negligible compared with the degree of delignification and crystallinity. The results indicate that enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by PAA pretreatment is achieved mainly by delignification and an increase in the surface area and exposure of cellulose fibers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
本文探讨了60Si2Mn合金钢发蓝原理,针对其膜层泛红问题,分析了热处理、表面前处理、发蓝及浸油等过程对发蓝质量的影响,由此采取了相应的技术措施,生产实践证明发蓝质量稳定,生产效率明显提高。 相似文献
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对传统的钼酸铵溶液净化工艺及文献介绍工艺进行了较为详细的分析 ,并与实验数据对比分析 ,找到了较为合理的工艺方案 相似文献
8.
采用先加入絮凝剂脱灰,再经减压蒸馏切割420~500℃馏分的方法,将辽河催化裂化澄清油预处理,考察了澄清油、加入絮凝剂脱灰后的澄清油以及脱灰后再减压蒸馏所得的中间馏分这3种原料在热转化过程中中间相的转化历程,并采用偏光显微镜观察热转化产物。结果表明,澄清油预处理效果明显,所得中间馏分具有较低的H/C原子比(nH/nC)和适宜的组成分布,是生产针状焦的理想原料。热转化产物的光学组织结构属于各向异性发达的广域-流线型结构。 相似文献
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Pretreatment of acetylene cokes at 450 °C with a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour creates a relatively large surface area and some initial microporosity, further developed by water activation at 800 °C. For the same degree of burn-off, but without pretreatment, large micropores (L > 2–3 nm) are obtained and the external surface area remains small. 相似文献