Neural recovery machine for Chinese dropped pronoun

Dropped pronouns (DPs) are ubiquitous in prodrop languages like Chinese, Japanese etc. Previous work mainly focused on painstakingly exploring the empirical features for DPs recovery. In this paper, we propose a neural recovery machine (NRM) to model and recover DPs in Chinese to avoid the non-trivial feature engineering process. The experimental results show that the proposed NRM significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on two heterogeneous datasets. Further experimental results of Chinese zero pronoun (ZP) resolution show that the performance of ZP resolution can also be improved by recovering the ZPs to DPs.     

The influence of morphological information on cataphoric pronoun assignment.

In 3 eye-tracking experiments, the authors investigated the use of morphological information during pronoun resolution. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that disruption occurred when a preferred assignment was inconsistent with gender information. Experiment 2 ensured that this difficulty was not due to the introduction of a new discourse entity. Experiment 3 showed that disruption also occurred when number information was inconsistent with the preferred assignment. The results indicate that the use of morphological information is delayed until after the computation of coreference relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

《红楼梦》第二人称代词用法考量研究

<红楼梦>前80回第二人称代词有"你"、"你家"、"你们"、"你等"、"汝"等.采用计量方法对这些第二人称代词进行了考察,发现第二人称代词在分布和用法上存在着明显差异:"你"使用频率极高,占总用量的86.46%,"你们"次之,占总用量的12.64%,其他第二人称代词使用频率较低.除了"你"、"你们"用法比较复杂外,其他第二人称代词的用法均显得比较单一.     

Deep Neural Architecture for Recovering Dropped Pronouns in Korean

Pronouns are frequently dropped in Korean sentences, especially in text messages in the mobile phone environment. Restoring dropped pronouns can be a beneficial preprocessing task for machine translation, information extraction, spoken dialog systems, and many other applications. In this work, we address the problem of dropped pronoun recovery by resolving two simultaneous subtasks: detecting zero-pronoun sentences and determining the type of dropped pronouns. The problems are statistically modeled by encoding the sentence and classifying types of dropped pronouns using a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture. Various RNN-based encoding architectures were investigated, and the stacked RNN was shown to be the best model for Korean zero-pronoun recovery. The proposed method does not require any manual features to be implemented; nevertheless, it shows good performance.     

德语语法研究

语法是一个含义非常广泛的术语．它包含音系学、词法学和语义学．本文仅对德语语法中的几个难点进行分析并找出它们的规律．其中包括复合句特点、反身动词、代副词的运用和几个容易混淆的介词作比较分析与研究．     

英语代词用法特点的分析

英语代词能在句中代替名词,但具有不同于名词的一些特征．在使用时,特别是当它的照应对象为并列结构、集体名词和不定代词时,须注意在数、性、人称等方面的一致关系;作为代词的格,在现代英语的实际使用上,有时不完全按照代词主格用作主语、宾格作宾语的用法,而应重视英语的表达习惯     

基于栈式降噪自编码和词嵌入表示的维吾尔语零指代消解

针对维吾尔语零指代现象,提出采用栈式降噪自编码的深度学习机制进行维吾尔语零指代消解。首先由大规模无标注维吾尔语语料训练得到富含语义和句法信息的词嵌入表示,将其作为候选先行语和缺省零代词的语义特征;其次根据维吾尔语语言特点,抽取14项针对零指代消解任务的手工设计特征;然后融合word embedding特征和14项hand-crafted特征作为栈式降噪自编码的输入,最后经过无监督逐层贪婪的预训练和有监督的微调过程,使用softmax进行分类完成维吾尔语零指代消解任务。实验结果表明,与传统栈式自编码、浅层机器学习的支持向量机和人工神经网络相比,栈式降噪自编码的F值分别提高了4.450%、10.032%和8.140%,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性及栈式降噪自编码在任务中具备挖掘高层面鲁棒性语义特征的优势。     

Semantic and phonological activation in noun and pronoun production.

Speakers can refer to objects and other entities by nouns or pronouns. The present article investigated the production of gender-marked pronouns in German. Four picture-word interference experiments are reported, addressing 2 questions. First, is the lemma of a referent noun (i.e., the representation of the referent noun's semantic and syntactic properties) accessed when producing a pronoun? Second, if so, is this access confined to the lemma, or will the referent noun's phonological form be activated, too? The results suggest that in generating pronouns, speakers accessed the lemma of the referent noun, whereas its phonological form was not substantially activated. The results are discussed in the context of other recent experimental studies of pronoun and noun production. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of language in the development of the self III: The significance of pronouns.

The present essay traces the development of personal pronouns, especially the first person pronouns, as an important aspect of the acquisition of language (discussed in Part I) and its implication for the understanding of the nature and functioning of the self. The use of pronouns is analyzed as a special case of the complex relationship of thought and word. The antecedent preverbal development of the capacity for thinking in relation to the acquisition of the capacity to express thoughts in suitable words (in Part II) comes into play with specific reference to the self in the use of first person pronouns. Thus the thought content of the self concept precedes the emergence of the pronoun that specifies, concretizes, and names the subjective self. This perspective opposes concepts of thought-word connection that admit the existence of the self only in the process of naming or as a byproduct of interlocutary exchange. The self is able not only to name itself as an autonomous and independent entity, but can synonymously identify itself as participant in dialogue with other I's who are named you. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

日语人称代词和对人关系用语

日语对人称呼有其独特之处 ,即说话人应根据自己与对方的社会关系来选择不同的人称代词 ,因此被认为是一种对人关系用语。文中试就日语的第一人称、第二人称和第三人称代词使用的场合及有关问题作一些初步的分析和探讨