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Aiming at the performance degradation of the existing presentation attack detection methods due to the illumination variation, a two-stream vision transformers framework (TSViT) based on transfer learning in two complementary spaces is proposed in this paper. The face images of RGB color space and multi-scale retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) space are fed to TSViT to learn the distinguishing features of presentation attack detection. To effectively fuse features from two sources (RGB color space images and MSRCR images), a feature fusion method based on self-attention is built, which can effectively capture the complementarity of two features. Experiments and analysis on Oulu-NPU, CASIA-MFSD, and Replay-Attack databases show that it outperforms most existing methods in intra-database testing and achieves good generalization performance in cross-database testing. 相似文献
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Christopher J. Marvel Qirong Yang Scott D. Walck Kelvin Y. Xie Kristopher D. Behler Jerry C. LaSalvia Masashi Watanabe Richard A. Haber Martin P. Harmer 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2022,105(5):2990-3007
Compositional analysis of boron carbide on nanometer length scales to examine or interpret atomic mechanisms, for example, solid-state amorphization or grain-boundary segregation, is challenging. This work reviews advancements in high-resolution microanalysis to characterize multiple generations of boron carbide. First, ζ-factor microanalysis will be introduced as a powerful (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) analytical framework to accurately characterize boron carbide. Three case studies involving the application of ζ-factor microanalysis will then be presented: (1) accurate stoichiometry determination of B-doped boron carbide using ζ-factor microanalysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy, (2) normalized quantification of silicon grain-boundary segregation in Si-doped boron carbide, and (3) calibration of a scanning electron microscope X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) system to measure compositional homogeneity differences of B/Si-doped arc-melted boron carbides in the as-melted and annealed conditions. Overall, the improvement and application of advanced analytical tools have helped better understand processing–microstructure–property relationships and successfully manufacture high-performance ceramics. 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(8):10579-10591
In present study, we report a V doping fabrication method for obtaining rod-like MgO crystals decorated with a nanoflake layer. This novel structure has only been minimally reported in literature. Pure MgO and Mg2V2O7–MgO composite materials were obtained by precipitation and impregnation methods, with vanadium added concentrations of 0–9%. The influence of V doping on crystal structure and particle morphology of MgO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that MgO has a cubic structure, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that V5+ exists on the surface of MgO. The specific surface areas and pore sizes of MgO composites were calculated by BET and BJH analysis. These techniques revealed that specific surface area and pore size of MgO increased due to vanadium doping. The antibacterial effects of Mg2V2O7–MgO composite materials against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were assessed using a bacterial killing/colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and bacteriostatic ring method. Our results demonstrate that V doping dramatically improved antimicrobial properties of MgO, with 7 mol% doping inducing the best antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanisms of Mg2V2O7–MgO composite material were also proposed. 相似文献
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摘 要:为了提高码索引调制(code index modulation,CIM)系统的传输效率,提出了一种具有更低复杂度的单输入单输出(single input single output,SISO)的广义正交码索引调制(generalized orthogonal code index modulation,GQCIM)系统。CIM 系统使用扩频码和星座符号传输信息,但只能激活两个扩频码索引和一个调制符号。而 GQCIM 系统以一种新颖的方式克服了只激活一个调制符号的限制,同时充分利用了调制符号的正交性,增加扩频码索引以传输更多的额外信息位,提高了系统的传输效率。此外,分析了GQCIM系统的理论性能,推导了误码率性能的上界。通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了GQCIM系统的性能,对比发现GQCIM系统的理论和仿真性能一致。而且在相同的传输效率下,结果显示GQCIM系统的性能优于同样具有正交性的调制系统,如广义码索引调制(generalized code index modulation,GCIM)系统、CIM系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制(code index modulation aided quadrature spatial modulation,CIM-QSM)系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制(code index modulation aided spatial modulation,CIM-SM)系统、脉冲索引调制(pulse index modulation,PIM)系统。 相似文献
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花生粕是重要的蛋白饲料原料,但由于其氨基酸不平衡,特别是精氨酸与赖氨酸比例严重失衡(精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值在3~4,理想的精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值为1.0),限制了其在动物养殖中的应用。研究了复合酶预处理结合乳酸菌发酵花生粕对其品质的改善。结果表明:经菌酶协同处理后,花生粕粗蛋白质含量由46.4%提高至506%,大分子蛋白明显降解为小分子蛋白,酸溶蛋白质含量由2.3%提高至17.8%,多肽含量由1.6%提高至15.7%,蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量分别提高了77.1%和42.0%,精氨酸降解率为18.7%,精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值从3.7降低至2.1,总酸含量由06%提高到4.7%,其中乳酸含量由0.64 mg/g提高至14.63 mg/g。菌酶协同处理后的花生粕抗氧化性明显增强,其中每克菌酶协同处理后的花生粕对羟自由基的清除能力与171.6 mg VC相当,比花生粕(与47.6 mg VC相当)提高了2.6倍。 相似文献
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微波隔离器是微波系统中不可或缺的器件,常见的隔离器都采用了铁氧体旋磁材料配合吸收负载实现电磁波的单向传输。这种器件虽然可以使电磁波单向传输,但是并不能改善能量的浪费问题,还增加了系统的复杂度。针对上述问题,本文基于电磁超材料设计了一种微波单向传输的圆波导,使用波导内壁涂覆折射率逐渐变化的材料来影响电磁波的传输特性,从而实现电磁波单向传输。本文给出了微波单向传输的电磁计算模型和超材料结构及属性,并通过简化这种超材料使其易于实现;最后通过电磁仿真分析了这种材料的电磁特性并给出了这种材料的实现方法。 相似文献
10.
This study evaluates environmental aggressiveness and atmospheric galvanic corrosivity categories in Chile (Classification of Industrial and Marine ATmospheres test) by installing bolts in electrical transmission towers in the Valparaiso region across four exposure sites: Playa Ancha, San Sebastián, Las Vegas, and San Felipe. Classifications of marine corrosion index (MCI), industrial corrosion index (ICI), and atmospheric corrosion index (ACI) used different galvanic couples: aluminum/steel for MCI, aluminum/copper for ICI, and aluminum/polyethylene for ACI. Corrosion indices varied by season (summer, autumn, winter, and spring), for which couples were exchanged every 3 months. Intraseason variation depended mainly on the meteorochemical variables of the zone, the Cl−/SO2 ratio, and the presence of general and pitting corrosion in the aluminum. The results indicate that, regardless of environmental condition, the aluminum in Al/steel (MCI) and Al/copper (ICI) couples presented a higher corrosion rate than when not forming a galvanic couple (ACI). Moreover, under higher environmental chloride, these differences increase. The Playa Ancha station presented the highest ACI. 相似文献