基于声学测温技术的电站锅炉水冷壁灰污监测方法

用声学高温计直接测量炉膛出口烟温,通过计算得到炉膛清洁因子,实现炉膛整体灰污监测。分析了水冷壁结渣厚度与渣层表面温度的关系,提出以炉膛平均温度为基准,沿炉膛高度布置声学测点监测水冷壁向火侧表面温度,选择动态灰污特征参数,实现了炉膛局部结渣在线监测。     

脉冲加热方法铌热物性参数的动态测量

提出积分球反射法脉冲加热技术测量材料热物性的方法,研制的脉冲加热瞬态热物性测量装置能同时测量铌带状试样温度范围在1100-2700K的比热容、电阻率、全波长半球发射率.装置中高速高温计测量试样的辐射温度,积分球反射计测量试样的法向光谱发射率,即可得出带状试样的真实温度.再通过测得的试样上的电压、电流等数据经计算获得其他热物性参数.对国外的标准铌试样进行了测试,所得测量数据与国外同行数据进行了比对,具有较好的一致性.实验结果表明:比热容测量不确定度为5%,全波长半球发射率测量不确定度为3.5%,电阻率的测量不确定度为3.6%,测量数据可作为航天、军事和民用领域材料应用的设计依据.     

基于单片机的比色光纤高温测量系统设计

比色光纤测温属于典型的非接触式测温技术,具有耐腐蚀、耐高温以及光路可弯曲等优点,适合高温铸造炉等特殊测温场合。但已有的光纤高温仪大多使用DSP处理器,编程复杂且成本高。本文以单片机处理器为核心设计高性价比的比色光纤高温仪。首先介绍比色光纤测温的原理与方法,然后论述基于51单片机的比色光纤高温仪的软硬件设计,重点论述跟单片机有关的温度发送、接收与显示等内容。实验结果表明,最大测温误差不超过8℃,满足一般高温铸造炉的测温要求。     

An improved two-colour pyrometer based method for measuring dynamic temperature mapping of hydrogen-air combustion

To solve the problem of measuring the combustion temperature of hydrogen gas, an improved two-colour pyrometer with suspended tungsten powder was developed and calibrated by a tungsten halogen lamp. The characteristic temperature parameters of the premixed 30% H₂/70% air flame, including temperature distribution, proportion, maximum value, minimum value, and average value, could be measured and calculated using the improved two-colour pyrometer method and a python code. The temperature measuring results of H₂-air mixture obtained by this technique were compared with that of thermocouples and previous studies. The results verified its feasibility to measure the flame temperature structure of H₂ combustion. Future work concerning the influential factors of the improved two-colour pyrometer was also mentioned.     

Methodology for spectral emissivity measurement by means of single color pyrometer

The application of non-intrusive optical devices, such as infrared pyrometers able to measure the temperature of surfaces, makes possible the evaluation of emissivity curve of the tested materials at different temperature values. In this paper the authors propose a methodology for the spectral emissivity measurement by means of a single color pyrometer providing a semi-empirical formula, obtained experimentally at CIRA’s laboratory. The semi-empirical formula allows to know the actual emissivity value of the sample’s surface for whatever emissivity value set up on the pyrometer. The agreement between the experimental emissivity and the emissivity predicted by semi-empirical formula was verified.     

火工烟火药剂燃烧火焰多光谱辐射测温技术研究

为了准确测量火工烟火药剂的燃烧火焰温度,根据多光谱辐射测温技术的工作原理研制了多光谱高温计;基于二次测量的数据处理方法,得到了燃烧火焰的真实温度.以黑火药为例,采用多光谱高温计对其燃烧火焰的辐射能量进行了测定,应用二次测量法对测得的数据进行迭代计算,从而得到黑火药燃烧温度.实验表明,该多光谱高温计能够很好地应用于火工烟火药剂燃烧温度的测定,且具有高稳定性.为火工烟火药剂燃烧特性的研究奠定了基础.     

伪随机序列在声学测温中的应用研究

声学测温技术中声源信号选择是准确测量声波飞渡时间的关键。基于Matlab平台,编程制取m序列和扫频信号,进行了互相关特性、抗噪性能仿真比较;并在实验室加背景噪声的条件下,对两种信号的声波时间延迟估计进行了实验研究。仿真和实验结果表明:由于伪随机信号具有二值自相关性,比扫频信号具有更高的准确性、稳定性和抗干扰性能,可以进一步提高声学测温的精度。     

几种燃烧炉炉膛测温装置的使用与改进

铅锌冶炼企业燃烧炉、冶炼炉种类较多。测温装置对炉子的安全、平稳运行起着至关重要的作用,本文结合企业的生产实践,对测温装置的使用和改进进行了总结,提出了不同燃烧炉测温装置的选择要点。     

激光聚变冲击波速度测量光学系统设计

针对激光聚变冲击波速度测量的需求,设计了一种集被动式扫描高温计和主动式冲击波速度测量于一体的复合冲击波速度测量系统。通过采用多种耐辐射光学玻璃材料,实现了共用光路的400~700 nm耐辐射消色差设计;通过采用自动控制干涉仪简化了系统操作;主动测速系统通过切换不同焦距的中继成像镜头,实现了不同放大倍率的切换。系统的物方视场为φ2.0 mm,主动式测速系统的放大倍率为10×,20×,30×,静态实验干涉条纹平直,调制度达到0.69以上,物方分辨率达到4.72μm。该系统在激光聚变装置上能够实现冲击波速度的动态测量。     

Processing Method of Multi-Wavelength Pyrometer Data for Continuous Temperature Measurements

The processing of multi-wavelength pyrometer data is a problem that needs further improvements. The solutions developed in earlier decades generally assumed one particular mathematical relation for emissivity versus wavelength in the wavelength range of the measurements. Sometimes this assumption worked and produced acceptable results, but in many other cases this approach provided erroneous results. Individual results were strongly dependent on the assumed mathematical relation that often needed some prior knowledge of the emissivity behavior in the wavelength range. A new data processing method for a multi-wavelength pyrometer for continuous temperature measurements is presented. A linear relation between emissivity and true temperature at different wavelengths is assumed. Based on this assumption, the true temperatures and spectral emissivities at the two continuous temperature measurement points can be simultaneously calculated. Some experimental results for the practical data processing of measurements performed on a solid propellant rocket engine show that the difference between the calculated true temperature and the theoretical true temperature indicated by the rocket engine designer is within ±20 K. Paper presented at the Seventh International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, October 6–8, 2004, Orléans, France.