梯度铝蜂窝夹芯板的力学行为

梯度分层铝合金蜂窝板是一种有效的吸能结构,本工作在梯度铝蜂窝结构的基础上根据梯度率的概念,通过改变蜂窝芯层的胞壁长度,设计了4种质量相同、梯度率不同的铝蜂窝夹芯结构。通过准静态压缩实验,并结合非线性有限元模拟准静态及冲击态下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构的变形情况及其力学性能,分析对比了相同质量下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构在准静态下的变形模式以及冲击载荷下分层均质蜂窝结构和不同梯度率的分层梯度蜂窝结构的动态响应和能量吸收特性。结果表明:在准静态压缩过程中,铝蜂窝梯度夹芯板的变形具有明显的局部化特征,蜂窝芯的变形为低密度优先变形直至密实,层级之间的密实化应变差随芯层密度的增大而逐渐减小;在高速冲击下,梯度蜂窝板并非严格按照准静态过程中逐级变形直至密实,而是在锤头冲击惯性及芯层密度的相互作用下整体发生的线弹性变形、弹性屈曲、塑性坍塌及密实化;另外,在本工作所设计的梯度率中,当梯度率为γ₁=0.0276时,梯度蜂窝夹芯板的吸能性达到最好,相较于同等质量下的均质蜂窝夹芯板,能量吸收提高了10.63%。     

Fire safe,sustainable loose furnishing

The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production.     

基于公众心理健康视角的绿色空间研究与展望

增进公众心理健康与福祉是人类面临的重要公共卫生课题,以促进心理健康为目标的绿色空间规划设计是健康城市建设的关键。基于Web of Science(WoS)数据库核心合集的英文文献,从绿色空间对心理健康的影响因素、影响机制与测度方法3个方面,梳理绿色空间与公众心理健康关联性研究的进展。既有研究表明:绿色空间与心理健康之间存在多因素混合、多机制协同作用;绿地自身特征与暴露特征主要通过3种间接途径产生心理健康效益,并受到个人与社会因素的调节。考虑既有研究在指标阈值与因果权重中的争议,以及在学科融合、指标选取及数据获取与分析方面的局限,建议未来研究在加强跨领域学科融合、细化绿地属性特征、关注个体属性与行为、进行纵向与实验研究、引入智能新技术等方面予以完善。     

Effect of spheroidized microstructure on the impact toughness and electrochemical performance of a high-carbon steel

The influence of cementite spheroidization on the impact toughness and electrochemical properties of a high-carbon steel has been thoroughly investigated in this study. Heavy warm rolling, followed by 2 h of annealing, has resulted in near-complete spheroidization, leading to a microstructure consisting of nano-cementite globules dispersed in the ultrafine-grained ferritic matrix. The Charpy impact test exhibited superior impact toughness with increased spheroidization. It is validated by the presence of abundant dimples in the fractographs of spheroidized specimens, in contrast to the as-received one that experienced a brittle failure due to its lamellar pearlitic structure. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) carried out in a 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the corrosion resistance of the alloy gets improved with the increase in the degree of spheroidization. This is attributed to the lower susceptibility of the spheroidized specimen to microgalvanic corrosion owing to the minimum area of contact between nano-spheroidized cementite and ferrite, as elucidated with the help of EIS results aided by equivalent electrical circuit model.     

危废填埋场地下水环境影响评价研究

危险废物具有各种危害性,不仅对人体健康有着威胁,对于环境治理来说也有着极大的消极影响。就目前来说,虽然安全填埋技术已经较为成熟,但在实际实施过程中还是容易出现渗漏事故,渗漏液在地下容易穿透防渗层,从而影响地下水,所以这也是我们需要重视的问题之一。     

Repeated low-velocity impact responses of SiC particle reinforced Al metal-matrix composites

This study aimed to investigate experimentally the repeated low-velocity impact behaviors of SiC reinforced aluminum 6061 metal-matrix composites for different volume fractions and energy levels. In addition, the hardness variations were measured by the Vickers hardness tests from the impacted and impact-free cross-sections of the particle reinforced metal-matrix composites. Low-velocity impact tests were applied to composite samples manufactured by powder metallurgy (in 10, 20, and 30% volume fractions) at two total energy levels (15 and 60 J as single) and in repetitions equal to the sum of these energy levels (5 + 5 + 5 and 20 + 20 + 20 J as repeated). As a result, in increasing the impact number for all volume fractions, the total contact time was shortened and the peak contact force increased, whereas both the permanent central deflection and the absorbed energies reduced. Hence, these variations obtained under repeated impacts (5 + 5 + 5 and 20 + 20 + 20 J) revealed that metal-matrix composites showed a tougher behavior with an increase in the impact numbers from 1st to 3rd, particularly because of the strain hardening effect. Furthermore, an increase in volume fraction from 10 to 30% resulted in an increase in the impact strength under all repeated and single impacts despite changing deformation and damage mechanisms due to increasing the strain hardening effect and particle fractures. The hardness was affected by the volume fraction and increased as the volume fraction increased in both the impacted and impact-free zones. The repeated impact increased the impacted zone hardness more than the single impact for all volume fractions. Additionally, the hardness of the impacted zone under 20 + 20 + 20 J repeated impact was measured as the highest value in the 30% volume fraction. Therefore, metal-matrix composites can behave harder with the strain hardening effect under repeated impacts.     

Environmental impact estimation of ceramic lightweight aggregates production starting from residues

Within a circular economy approach, this study investigates the environmental impact of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) produced starting from different mixes of different clays with brewery sludge and cattle bone flour ash (CBA), used as poring and fertilizing agents, respectively. The environmental impact was evaluated by means of release tests, insulation capacity, carbon footprint (CFP), and particulate matter emission during pellet firing. Release tests representative of LWAs realistic application showed very high release of phosphate and satisfactory release of potassium. The thermal insulation of the LWAs was tested by thermal imaging camera and resulted highly variable depending on the composition, with the mix containing CBA performing best. This latter composition leads also to the smallest CO₂ equivalent emission, due to the calorific power of CBA, allowing lower consumption of fossil fuels during the LWA production. Finally, total particulate emissions during the thermal treatment resulted similar in terms of mass for all mixes, while differences in terms of particle morphology and composition occurred. Samples containing residue resulted with a quite good release behavior, CFP, and insulation properties, but higher emission of particles, particularly when glass is added.     

一种改进的特征匹配算法在碎片云测量建模中的应用

为满足超高速撞击典型Whipple防护构型的损伤评估需求,利用图像处理技术对碎片云序列阴影图像进行深入研究。使用超高速序列激光阴影成像仪得到三组不同实验条件下碎片云发展过程的高清阴影图像,分别对每组最具代表性的2帧进行图像处理分析;根据碎片云图像特点以及碎片运动特性,提出了一种改进的碎片二次特征匹配算法,该方法包含碎片粗定位、特征定义及初匹配和精确匹配三步策略;通过运用改进的匹配算法,对选取的相邻两帧图片完成碎片高效匹配,并提取匹配碎片的运动参数,进而分析碎片的速度分布和飞行角度分布,获取二次碎片云相关运动特性;得到三组实验各自的轨迹模拟图。根据得到的轨迹分析结果分别对三组实验的后板损伤进行估计,并通过与防护构型的实际损伤结果进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。     

相对冲击位置和补片层数对胶接修理CFRP复合材料层合板抗冲击性能的影响

本文针对碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料修补结构，基于连续损伤力学和粘结单元模型，在ABAQUS软件中对低速冲击载荷下不同冲击位置和补片层数的CFRP复合材料层合板内部和层间损伤进行了数值分析，并与试验结果进行了对比。选择相对冲击位置为0 mm、10 mm、20 mm、30 mm和40 mm时对应的五种修补结构，通过数值计算和试验，获得了修补结构在低速冲击过程中的冲击力、冲击能量等数据。在保持补片单层厚度不变的前提下，使补片层数从1层增加到5层，计算获得了修补结构的低速冲击响应。研究结果表明：冲头接触修补结构时会对补片造成较大的损伤，补片可以提高含孔损伤母板的抗冲击性能；冲击点离修补结构损伤孔越近，结构受冲击所产生的分层损伤越严重；增加补片的层数可以提高修补结构的抗冲击性能；通过对补片层数进行优化，得到优化层数为2，其对应的修补结构与无修补结构相比分层损伤面积减少了19.9%，较好地提升了母板的抗冲击性能。     

Developing social impact assessment guidelines in a pre-existing policy context

Few jurisdictions have translated internationally agreed social impact assessment (SIA) principles into statutory provisions. Governments and regulatory bodies tend to provide developers with high-level frameworks, or require that social impacts be ‘considered’, without specifying how this is to be done. In Australia, this lack of clarity leaves all parties uncertain about requirements for SIA. The New South Wales (NSW) Government’s 2017 release of the SIA guideline for State-significant mining, petroleum and extractive industry development represents an attempt to clarify requirements and provide guidance. In this paper, we describe the process of bringing this guideline to fruition from the perspective of being directly involved in its development, and highlight the challenges involved in integrating leading-practice principles into the state’s pre-existing policy framework. While the guideline represents a significant advance in policy-based SIA guidance, some aspects leave room for improvement. The real test of the guideline’s impact will lie in its influence on SIA practice in NSW, and ultimately in social outcomes for communities affected by resources projects.