Trade-off analysis on cost and manufacturing technology of an electronic product: Case study

A trade-off analysis on the cost and system packaging metrics of an electronic product aimed at the commercial/retail industry has been carried out. By comparing the system cost and packaging metrics with those of comparable consumer products, we have determined that there is opportunity for significant cost, size, and weight reduction of the overall electronics packaging system. These include the use of fine pitch IC packages, smaller discrete components, denser PCB wiring technology, double sided IC package surface mount, surface mount connectors, and improved plastics for the product housing. The analysis concluded that PCB area reduction of 40%, using a single PCB instead of three boards, reduction in board cost of over 50% and product weight reduction of over 28% are possible using available technologies.     

On the Locus of Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Reaction Time: Inferences From the Lateralized Readiness Potential.

Lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were used to determine the stage(s) of reaction time (RT) responsible for speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs). Speeded decisions based on several types of information were examined in 3 experiments, involving, respectively, a line discrimination task, lexical decisions, and an Erikson flanker task. Three levels of SAT were obtained in each experiment by adjusting response deadlines with an adaptive tracking algorithm. Speed stress affected the duration of RT stages both before and after the start of the LRP in all experiments. The latter effect cannot be explained by guessing strategies, by variations in response force, or as an indirect consequence of the pre-LRP effect. Contrary to most models, it suggests that SAT can occur at a late postdecisional stage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Recommendation System Keeping Both Precision and Recall by Extraction of Uninteresting Information

A recommendation system which recommends interesting information to the target user must guarantee high precision and recall. However, there is trade-off between precision and recall. In this paper, we propose a web page recommendation method balancing both of them by take advantage of uninteresting information. The proposed method extracts the interest and uninterest indicators from not only historical interesting web pages but also uninteresting ones in a target genre. The historical interesting and uninteresting information is derived based on the browsing time and bookmarking. The proposed method can keep precision and recall by excluding the uninteresting information from the recommended ones based on the interest and uninterest indicators. The experimental result proved that the proposed method can improve the precision and recall than an existing method.     

Breaking the Responsivity-Bandwidth Trade-Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High-Response and Fast-Speed Optical Communication Application

Underwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water-durable and self-powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery-free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self-powered PEC photodetector employing n-type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrO_x) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n-GaN/IrO_x photoelectrode breaks the responsivity-bandwidth trade-off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W⁻¹. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self-powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.     

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with fixed and adaptive modulation

Activating Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Radio-Frequency (RF) to provide on-demand energy supply to widely deployed Internet of Everything devices is a key to the next-generation energy self-sustainable 6G network. However, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in the same RF bands is challenging. The majority of previous studies compared SWIPT performance to Gaussian signaling with an infinite alphabet, which is impossible to implement in any realistic communication system. In contrast, we study the SWIPT system in a well-known Nakagami-m wireless fading channel using practical modulation techniques with finite alphabet. The attainable rate-energy-reliability tradeoff and the corresponding rationale are revealed for fixed modulation schemes. Furthermore, an adaptive modulation-based transceiver is provided for further expanding the attainable rate-energy-reliability region based on various SWIPT performances of different modulation schemes. The modulation switching thresholds and transmit power allocation at the SWIPT transmitter and the power splitting ratios at the SWIPT receiver are jointly optimized to maximize the attainable spectrum efficiency of wireless information transfer while satisfying the WPT requirement and the instantaneous and average BER constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the SWIPT performance of various fixed modulation schemes in different fading conditions. The advantage of the adaptive modulation-based SWIPT transceiver is validated.     

不同水资源利用模式的权衡率动态特性

将水资源开发利用看成是一个涉及经济、环境、社会效益等多个目标的连续过程,根据水资源开发利用历程中决策者偏好结构的演变规律,将多目标决策权衡率的基本涵义扩展到与时间相关,揭示了不同水资源利用模式下经济效益目标和环境效益目标之间的权衡率随时间变化的动态演变特性,并结合典型实例进行了计算分析。     

Making a Higher Hit Ratio Cryptanalytic Time-Memory Trade-Off Attack on Passwords

Most of implementations of the cryptana- lyric time-memory trade-off attacks such as Hellman＇s orig- inal method, Rivest＇s distinguished points cracking and Oechslin＇s rainbow attack are also considered as an ex- haustive attack to passwords in a limited length range on a certain charset. However＇s the distributions of structures and strings making up real human memorable passwords do not appear random. Based upon these, we propose a method to generate passwords in those cryptanalytic time- memory trade-off methods. It achieves a higher hit ra- tio in attacking actual passwords and reduces search space drastically with requirement of only a little extra memory. It makes time-memory trade-off more practical. Even to attack long length passwords, the results of experiments show that our approach has a higher hit ratio compared with Oechslin＇s method. In addition, this method can be used in the distributed and parallel attack.     

Memory abilities in action video game players

Action video game players (AVGPs) have been shown to outperform non-action video game players (NVGPs) on tasks of perception and attention. Here we set out to investigate if these benefits also extended to another cognitive domain, memory. In particular, while there is some previous evidence suggesting AVGPs demonstrate better visual short-term memory, it is unclear whether this extends to long-term memory processes or indeed, whether these enhancements are due to memory per se or are instead reflective of changes in speed of processing or strategy. Using four tasks that tap distinct areas of memory processing we found evidence for greater speed of processing and enhanced visual short-term memory in AVGPs and compared to NVGPs. However, we found either equivalent or possibly decreased performance in AVGPs in tasks related to long-term memory access. Furthermore, differences in strategy were noted across tasks, in particular differences in the tradeoff between speed and accuracy, which calls for a closer investigation of how task instructions bias performance in future studies.     

组合与概率的连续特征权衡量化方法

连续特征量化方法是数据挖掘方法中必要的预处理过程。呈现一种组合与概率的连续特征权衡量化方法。基于最小描述长度以及组合与概率理论,提出连续特征量化的权衡标准,能够在量化所导致的分类错误与量化区间信息之间得到合理的权衡;基于该权衡标准提出一种有效的动态规划量化算法,以找到最好的量化结果;量化后的数据采用naive贝叶斯分类器进行分类预测,与其他连续特征量化方法的对比实验结果表明,新方法得到了较高的平均学习精度。     

Adult aging effects on semantic and episodic priming in word recognition.

Two experiments compared automatic semantic and episodic priming effects in adult aging. In the 1st experiment, target words were semantically primed; in the 2nd experiment, targets were primed by repetition of semantically unrelated words. Both experiments involved a pronunciation task with response signals at fixed times following target onset. Consequently, priming was measured as improvement in the percentage of correct responses. Priming was also calculated with speed–accuracy measures of intercept and slope. Both types of priming effect were significant in the percentage correct and slope measures, but no age group differences were found. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the priming effects were equivalent. The age-resistant nature of semantic and episodic priming, as well as evidence for a common theoretical mechanism, is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)