Formation of twinned dendrites during unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn alloy

The present study focused on the formation and crystallographic orientation of twinned dendrites coexisting with equiaxed grains in unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn (mass fraction) alloy. The morphology was investigated by optical metallograph and electron back-scattered diffraction technique. Results showed that the macrostructure of the alloy exhibited a typical feathery and fan-like structure while the microstructures were elongated lamellas, which were separated by coherent and incoherent twin boundaries. Both the primary trunk and all lateral arms of twinned dendrites grew along 〈110〉 directions, unlike regular 〈100〉 α(Al) dendrites. The facet growth of crystals at solid/liquid interface was responsible for the origin of twinned dendrites during the weak local convection, and high thermal gradient and medium solidification velocity had significant contribution to the formation of twinned dendrites. The formation mechanism of twinned dendrites which consisted of three multiplication ways of new twin boundaries formation and one way of dendrite evolution in twin plane was shown schematically.     

Hybrid make-to-stock and make-to-order systems: a taxonomic review

Production planning and control (PPC) systems that employ aspects from both make-to-order (MTO) and make-to-stock (MTS) production control are known as hybrid MTS/MTO systems. While both MTO and MTS separately have been studied extensively, their combined use has received less attention. However, the literature on this topic is growing and this paper shows that the review performed in this paper is an important addition to the field. We categorise relevant literature according to a novel taxonomy and show that hybrid MTS/MTO production control can be used in different contexts. In addition, an overview of the modelling techniques and methods used in these papers is provided. Based on the reviewed literature, relevant research questions and directions for future research are identified. Finally, it is shown that hybrid MTS/MTO production control is prevalent in practice by discussing research with industrial applications. The paper contains an overview of research on hybrid MTS/MTO production control to be used as reference for researchers active in the field, and provides managerial insights and directions for future research on this topic.     

扬子江城市群工业能源碳排放与经济增长脱钩水平及驱动因素

扬子江城市群地处长江经济带的下游重要门户地区，是江苏省“1+3”重点功能区发展的龙头引擎，打造扬子江城市群的绿色生态走廊对建设“强富美高”新江苏和落实长江大保护均具有重要战略意义。论文聚焦扬子江城市群工业能源碳排放脱钩及其驱动因素分析，研究得出：1）扬子江城市群整体工业碳排放量呈现波动上升的变化趋势，其中南京市和苏州市的碳排放增量明显大于其他城市；2）扬子江城市群工业能源碳排放脱钩大致经历了扩张连接、强脱钩以及弱脱钩3个阶段，整体上脱钩水平逐渐提高，但稳定性不高，各城市工业能源碳排放脱钩水平差异较大，但在逐步优化中；3）从驱动因素看，碳排放强度效应和能源强度效应对脱钩水平有促进作用，工业经济规模效应、区域经济比重和能源结构则相反。基于此，论文提出加强低碳城市试点建设、探索构建全域碳权交易市场、调整优化能源结构、推动科技创新等建议，以促进扬子江城市群工业建设高质量发展。     

翅片结构对单向开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力性能的影响

通过对不同开缝数量、不同相对开缝高度的单向开缝翅片管换热器进行模拟,分析开缝数量、相对开缝高度对单向开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力性能的影响规律。结果表明:在开缝数量为3～7片时,翅片侧Nu和f因子随着开缝数量的增加而增大,但Nu增幅逐渐减小;将开缝的数量取为5片能得到最好的综合性能;在相对开缝高度为0.3～0.7时,翅片侧Nu和f因子随着相对开缝高度的增加而增大,但当相对开缝高度在0.5～0.7范围内,翅片侧Nu的增幅减小;将相对开缝高度取为0.5能得到最好的综合性能。     

The sound absorption performance of the highly porous silica ceramics prepared using freeze casting method

Highly porous silica ceramics with unidirectional pores were prepared using the freeze casting method. By adjusting the solid content and freezing temperature, the porosity of the ceramics was tailored in the range of 78.20%-84.59% and pore size in the range of 8.4-71.4 μm, respectively. Sound absorption properties of porous silica ceramics was studied and the effect of structural factors was systematically investigated. The results showed that higher porosity and smaller pores of the porous ceramics favored the sound absorption in the entire sound wave frequency. By backing the sample with small pore size porous ceramics, the sound absorption property was enhanced, particularly in the low and medium frequency range, thus the sound absorption peak shifted towards lower frequency. The presence of air gap in the back would also favor sound absorption in low and medium frequency range. The as-fabricated porous silica ceramics owed excellent sound absorption properties due to their unidirectional pores and low flow resistances.     

矿井水库煤柱坝体力学性能分析

为研究矿井采空区地下水库煤柱坝体在井下作业环境中的力学性能变化以及变形情况,以李家壕煤矿为研究背景,采用实验室相似模拟和FLAC3D数值模拟的方法,首先,将取自李家壕煤矿3-1煤层的煤样按照ISRM加工成标准试样,试样按照一定时间周期浸水处理,对其进行力学性能分析实验;随后,采用数值模拟技术模拟煤柱坝体的实际作业环境,分析煤柱坝体力学性能和变形情况。研究得出:水对煤样有软化作用,随着浸水时间的增加煤样单向抗压强度、单向抗拉强度均有所下降,但并未出现规律性递减趋势;在软化作用和上覆岩层的压力的共同作用下,煤柱浸水面容易发生水平变形,变形随着时间的增长逐渐增大,靠近底板处的变形量最大,从而现场煤柱更容易遭到破坏。     

European urban culture,Javier de Mesones-Cabello’s planning practice and its legacy in city of Valladolid

Javier de Mesones-Cabello was an influential and active planner of the 1960s and 1970s in Spain, who passed away in December, 2016. His professional career as a self-taught urban planner was extensively linked to his academic and institutional activities. These connections supported the establishment of relationships with prestigious professionals working in urban planning practice. In planning the 1969 masterplan for the city of Valladolid, in Spain, de Mesones-Cabello made several intellectual references to the Greek urban planner Doxiadis. This masterplan covers a relatively unknown example of directional city growth in a European context. My findings elucidate the extent to which de Mesones-Cabello was influenced by Doxiadis, and the circumstances in which these ideas have continued to dominate thinking about Valladolid's urban development.     

第八届全国工程爆破学术会议征文通知

介绍了在复杂环境中采用控制爆破技术拆除2组钢筋混凝土结构楼梯扶手,论述了工程方案参数设计及主要安全措施。拟拆除扶手为钢筋混凝土墙体,厚30cm,墙体布置2层钢筋,纵向钢筋为Φ15mm,间距15cm,横向钢筋为Φ12mm,间距20cm,因墙体较薄,钢筋密集,沿墙面水平向钻孔,施工难度大,采取剔除墙端部箍筋,沿墙体垂直钻孔,孔间距30cm,采用不耦合装药结构。扶手墙体不规则,需分区段确定孔深,由于扶手底座混凝土需要保护,孔底填充缓冲材料,采用非电导爆管雷管逐段孔外接力起爆。利用炮被(橡胶轮胎制作)进行覆盖防护,使爆破飞石控制在被爆体周围2³m范围内,同时在距被爆体周围2m范围搭设防护排架,铺设竹席、棉被和草帘等进行隔离防护,确保爆破飞散物不飞出防护层外,爆破后达到预期的爆破效果。     

The Tunable Porous Structure of Gelatin–Bioglass Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Physicochemical,Mechanical, and In Vitro Properties

Unidirectional freeze‐casting method is used to fabricate gelatin–bioglass nanoparticles (BGNPs) scaffolds. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that sol–gel prepared BGNPs are distributed throughout the scaffold with diameters of less than 10 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric are used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of BGNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs present an oriented porous structure and a homogeneous distribution of BGNPs in the gelatin matrix. The lamellar‐type structure indicates an improvement of mechanical strength and absorption capacity of the scaffolds. Increasing the concentration of BGNPs from 0 to 50 wt% have no noticeable effect on pore orientation, but decreases porosity and pore size distribution. Increase in BGNPs content improves the compressive strength. The absorption and biodegradation rate reduces with augmentation in BGNPs concentration. Bioactivity is evaluated through apatite formation after immersion of the nanocomposites in simulated body fluid and is verified by SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), an element map analysis, X‐ray powder diffractometer, and FTIR spectrum. SEM images and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and the supportive behavior of nanocomposites in cellular spreading. The results show that gelatin–(30 wt%)bioglass nanocomposites have incipient physicochemical and biological properties.     

基于人群搜索自抗扰控制的放卷张力控制系统

针对轧染机放卷运行中张力波动的问题,提出将自抗扰控制(ADRC)与人群搜索算法(SOA)相结合进行张力控制的方法。通过分析放卷张力系统,建立放卷张力系统数学模型,采用自抗扰控制方法推导得到解耦模型,利用人群搜索算法对自抗扰控制器中的主要参数进行在线调整,并建立人群搜索自抗扰控制器。通过与PID控制器仿真实验对比表明,所建立的控制器能够使放卷张力系统实现解耦控制,保证放卷张力系统的恒张力稳定运行,并且提升了放卷张力系统的抗干扰性能。