泥沙自然堆积孔隙率计算的试验研究

泥沙孔隙率是泥沙研究的一个重要物理量,确定泥沙孔隙率与粒径的定量表达式具有重要意义。通过室内试验,采用排水体积法测量不同粒径组泥沙、均匀沙、混合沙的自然堆积孔隙率,验证了细颗粒泥沙比粗颗粒泥沙孔隙率大的一般性结论,并通过试验结果分析与拟合,给出了均匀沙自然堆积孔隙率的经验公式。同时,运用圆球模拟泥沙颗粒的方法求得均匀沙的理论孔隙率,当均匀沙的中值粒径小于4.5mm时,圆球理论孔隙率与实测孔隙率的相对误差小于3%,得到的理论孔隙率较可靠。     

An Artificial Skyrmion Platform with Robust Tunability in Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Multilayers

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial spin structures, and their existence in ferromagnetically coupled multilayers has been widely reported with a disordered arrangement. Here, a nucleation scenario of ordered skyrmions in nanostructured synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using direct magnetization imaging, indirect magnetometer and magnetoresistance measurement, and micromagnetic simulation. Instead of relying on Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in the SAF multilayers fulfills the role of nucleation and stabilization of skyrmions. The robustness of the proposed skyrmion nucleation scenario is examined against temperature from 4.5 to 300 K and device size from 400 to 1200 nm. Interestingly, these synthetic skyrmions still behave well with a size less than 100 nm. The higher stability than generic magnetic domains can be attributed to topological protection. The results thus provide an artificial skyrmion platform to meet the functional needs of high density and designable arrangement in magnonic and spintronic applications.     

均匀试验法优化褐藻胶-乳清分离蛋白可食性膜的工艺

目的制备褐藻胶-乳清分离蛋白可食性膜幵对其工艺条件迚行优化。方法以褐藻胶(sodium alginate,SA)和乳清分离蛋白(whey protein isolate,WPI)为主要原料,甘油为增塑剂制得可食性膜。以溶胶温度、溶胶时间、SA和WPI浓度、钙化时间、钙离子浓度、甘油浓度、超声时间为因素迚行均匀试验,考察指标为溶胶黏度、膜的厚度、透光率、拉伸强度。结果可食性膜性能受WPI浓度、溶胶温度、溶胶时间、钙化时间、超声时间的影响较大,基本不受SA浓度、钙离子浓度和甘油浓度影响,所确定的最佳配比及工艺条件为:SA浓度1.1%、WPI浓度5.5%、溶胶温度65℃、溶胶时间105 min、钙化时间12 min,钙离子浓度1.1%、甘油浓度3.4%和超声时间30min。结论该工艺条件下制备的褐藻胶-乳清分离蛋白可食性膜性能较好,需迚一步验证SA浓度、钙离子浓度和甘油浓度的影响。     

时频非平稳地震动模型及结构随机振动应用

地震动具有显著的时域和频域非平稳性,传统的均匀调制地震动模型不能充分表征时频两域的非平稳性,并影响结构随机振动分析的精准度。为了克服上述不足,建立由多峰平滑包络和非平稳噪声信号点乘而成的非均匀调制地震动模型,该模型能够在时域上充分反映地震动的波动和衰减特性,同时其频谱特征也与真实信号相接近。在此基础上,建立同时以时间和频率为变量的非平稳地震动演变谱随机模型。分析结果表明,以上两种模型在时域和频域的合成精度上均优于均匀调制模型。针对以上地震动随机模型的形式和特点,对传统结构随机振动响应求解方法进行改进。通过算例证明,按照均匀调制模型计算结构随机响应不能充分获得结构时频域的非平稳特性且结果偏于不安全,而利用两种改进模型可以获得更精确的结构响应概率特征和更细致的非平稳性演变过程。     

Review on recent advances of zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: Synthesis characterization and diverse applications

Researchers have taken a prodigious consideration in characterizing and synthesizing zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles because of their substantial applications across diverse technological and industrial fields. Zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are a class of lenient magnetic nanomaterials, which have potentially high magnetic, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties. These properties include a high value of permeability, low power losses, permittivity, saturation magnetization, coercivity, resistivity, and other beneficial properties that make them promise candidates for applications in various fields. These ferrites are also used in biomedical areas such as MRI and cancer treatments. In electronic fields, zinc substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are used to make transducers, transformers, biosensors, and sensors. Apart from these advantages, they are found in our everyday electronic and electrical appliances like LED bulb, refrigerator, mobile charger, TV, microwave oven, juicer, washing machine, mixer, iron, printer, laptop, mobile, desktop, etc. Hence, the current review reports some properties of these spinel ferrites and emphasizes the different synthesis techniques that can be used to prepare them. Afterward, the impact of dopant on the materials' properties, the characterization techniques, and the momentous application in the present era have been well discussed.     

充填体下阶段水平矿柱回采顶板安全厚度及进路充填采矿法

为了安全回采松散矿碴及低强度充填体压覆下的阶段水平矿柱,采用古典杨森散体压力理论及矩形等厚薄板力学模型分析了留设顶板受载情况及安全厚度,并通过工程实例进行了验证。结果表明,当上中段破碎底部结构不予回采,下中段顶柱留设安全厚度时,可通过进路式充填采矿法实现水平矿柱的安全开采;其中,下中段顶柱高5 m,采高3.5 m,顶板安全厚度1.5 m,矿石回收率68%,贫化率3%,取得了较好的安全与经济效益平衡。     

Off‐grid DoA estimation method of wideband signals

In this paper, an off‐grid direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method is proposed for wideband signals. This method is based on the sparse representation (SR) of the array covariance matrix. Similar to the time domain DoA estimation methods, the correlation function of the sources was assumed to be the same and known. A new measurement vector is obtained using the lower‐left triangular elements of the covariance matrix. The DoAs are estimated by quantizing the entire range of continuous angle space into discrete grid points. However, the exact DoAs may be located between two grid points; therefore, this estimation has errors. The accuracy of DoA estimation is improved by the minimization of the difference between the new measurement vector and its estimated values. Simulation results revealed that the proposed method can enhance the DoA estimation accuracy of wideband signals.     

The microstructure and magnetic properties of Ca2+ ion doped GdCrO3

In this paper, the crystal structure, vacancy defect, local electron density and magnetic properties of Gd_1-xCa_xCrO₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) polycrystalline samples were investigated systematically. The crystal structural analyses show that all the samples are orthorhombic phase and a structural distortion happens around x = 0.3. Due to the formation of Cr⁴⁺ ions, both the lattice constant and the Cr–O bond length decrease. The results of positron annihilation spectrum reveals that the vacancy defect concentration increases and the local electron structure changes with the introduction of Ca²⁺ ions. The field-cooled (FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) curves of Gd_1-xCa_xCrO₃ samples measured under H = 100 Oe exhibits negative magnetization characteristics due to the interaction between Gd³⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions, and the magnetism can be affected by the structural distortion.     

Consideration of multi‐coil type magnetization system for magnetic particle testing of omnidirectional crack in all surfaces of 3D shape test object

Mechanical parts, plants, and cross‐linkages inspected with magnetic‐particle testing (MT) are typically complex 3D shapes. In complex 3D shape portions, because a magnetizer often cannot be configured to inspection portions and the test object cannot be appropriately magnetized, there is a possibility of overlooking a crack in such an instance. Thus, MT system development that was successfully able to detect omnidirectional cracks in 3D shape portions was considered in this study's trials. Two multi‐coil type magnetizers were hence arranged face‐to‐face, and the magnetization of omnidirectional scenarios for all surfaces of 3D shape test object was evaluated.