Pullout testing and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis of geogrid reinforcement embedded in granular drainage layers

The paper investigates the feasibility of using fine-grained soil as backfill material of geosynthetic-reinforced walls and slopes, through a laboratory study on pullout behavior of geogrids in granular layers. A series of pullout tests was carried out on an HDPE uniaxial geogrid in thin sand and gravel layers that were embedded in clay specimens.Aside from different soil arrangements, the influences of moisture content and overburden pressure on the geogrid pullout behavior is assessed and discussed. The tests were carried out at four different gravimetric water contents (GWC) on the dry and wet sides of the clay optimum moisture content (OMC), and overburden pressure values within the range σ_v = 25–100 kPa. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to capture digital images during the tests, which were processed to help with the interpretation and improved understanding of the soil-geogrid interactions at different GWC values. Results show that embedding geogrid reinforcement in layers of sand or gravel can significantly increase the pullout resistance in an otherwise moist clay backfill, and this improved pullout efficiency is greater at higher overburden pressures. The improvement in pullout capacity was observed in clay specimens compacted at both the dry and wet sides of the OMC.     

Finite element limit analysis of load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes using a non-associated flow rule

This paper presents a numerical study on the load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes under footing load using a finite element limit analysis (FELA) method where a non-associated flow rule is assumed in the analysis. The method was validated against results from full-scale model tests and a limit equilibrium (LE) analytical method. A series of parametric analyses was subsequently carried out to examine the influences that the soil dilation angle, footing location, and reinforcement design (i.e. length, tensile strength, and vertical spacing) could have on the load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes. Results indicate that dilation angle has a significant influence on the predicted magnitudes of bearing capacity, slope deformation, and mobilized reinforcement load. The predicted values of bearing capacity using the FELA are smaller than those from the Meyerhof's analytical method for unreinforced semi-infinite foundation, especially for larger friction angle values. Additionally, the ultimate bearing capacity of the slope and its corresponding horizontal deformation increase with the reinforcement tensile strength. Finally, the slip planes under the applied footing load are found to be y-shaped and primarily occur in the upper half of the slope.     

波动注入压裂下井筒中不稳定流动的压力特性

为了准确地揭示波动注入水力压裂引起的井筒中不稳定流动的压力行为,考虑流体重力和摩阻的影响,根据膨胀管-弹性流体理论,建立了波动注入水力压裂下垂直井筒中不稳定流动的压力波动数学模型,指出压裂泵组与井筒之间存在波动干涉效应,研究了稳定和不稳定流动下环空压力的变化规律及其影响因素。研究结果表明:波动注入水力压裂作业中,井筒中产生了明显的不稳定流动,这种不稳定流动引起的压力波沿井筒呈现压力衰减现象;井筒中实际环空波动压力的振幅取决于井口处"变频压裂泵"强迫激励的波动压力振幅和波动排量振幅;与稳定注入相比,采用波动注入方式可以增加井底环空压力和降低井口环空最高压裂作业压力;井底环空压力会以脉动压力波的形式在裂缝中传播,不断加剧岩石疲劳损伤断裂,增加岩石微裂缝。研究结果对于更好地研究和应用波动注入水力压裂工艺具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,可为非稳态水力压裂工艺的先导性试验和规模化应用奠定理论基础。     

Posture Control for Personal Mobility Robot Using Feedback Compensation with Unstable Pole

This paper presents a novel posture control approach using feedback compensation with an unstable pole. For a narrow and small personal mobility robot (PMR), this is needed in order to control its posture for achieving quick turning and high acceleration. However, in the conventional control approach that uses the posture angle as a controlled variable, the zero moment point (ZMP) does not settle to the desired point in the following cases: an unknown disturbance force given to the PMR, a fluctuation in the center of gravity of the PMR, and a change in the conditions between the tires and the road surface. In this paper, a novel control method using feedback compensation with an unstable pole is proposed to achieve the desired ZMP in the steady state. The proposed controller changes the control input for the actuator of posture control to zero in order to achieve the desired posture angle. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through experiments using a prototype of the PMR.     

隧道掘进块体塌落灾害超前预报方法研究

介绍了不连续面三维网络模拟、施工掌子面前方断层地震波法探测和块体理论相结合的隧道掘进不稳定块体超前预报方法,以及在实际工程中的验证情况和相关结论.     

有岩爆倾向深井矿山采矿巷道的失稳模式分析及其控制技术

冬瓜山铜矿深井具有高应力（30—38MPa）、存在岩爆倾向的特点。根据原岩应力测量、岩石物理力学试验、岩体结构调查、数值模拟计算以及工程实际，详细分析了处于各类岩体中的采矿巷道的失稳模式，针对采矿巷道的岩体特性、工程部位及其作用以及预测破坏模式，提出了不同的支护方式及参数，取得了较好的效果。     

预应力锚索在何群峡段危岩体整治工程中的应用

 详细介绍了预应力锚索在何群峡段危岩体整治工程中的施工情况，从锚索钻孔、制作安装、注浆、张拉以及预应力损失方面均做了阐述。     

含软弱夹层岩体边坡的突变模式分析

针对含软弱夹层岩体边坡失稳问题,考虑软弱夹层的应变弱化特性,运用突变理论方法,建立燕尾型突变模型。基于建立的突变模式,对含一层软弱夹层的岩体边坡定量分析滑坡演化过程中的突跳特性;对于含多层软弱夹层的岩体边坡,通过对燕尾突变模型得到的平衡曲面方程进行分析可知,其势函数最多可有4个极值点,3个控制变量的不同取值使系统处于不同的分叉点集区域,其势函数极值点的个数不同,形式也不同,相应地,系统也呈现出不同的性质,于是根据势函数极值点个数的不同,定性分析随着控制参量的变化,边坡失稳中突跳的可能性。     

巷道和边坡的稳定位移与突发失稳时间预测

本文从位移时序曲线的特征出发，提出并验证了用加速度作为状态识别判据的可行性。对于稳定的情况，讨论了用灰色系统ＧＭ（１，１）模型预测最终收敛位移；对于失稳的情况，建立了用割线角估算失稳时间的一般公式。     

热不稳定物质火灾危险性鉴定系统的研究

以常见的木材为研究对象，模拟木材的不同老化条件，运用TG-DTA热分析实验方法，在不同的升温速率和不同的实验气氛下进行热分析实验，分析了木材的分解燃烧反应机理，求解动力学参数，建立物质热不稳定性评估系统，通过尽可能全面的参数来评估物质的热不稳定性，分析其危险与安全的相对变化趋势。