一种可传输轨道角动量的螺旋光子晶体光纤北大核心

设计了一种基于阿基米德螺线的新型螺旋光子晶体光纤,该光纤以二氧化硅为基底材料,包层由24个螺旋臂组成,每个螺旋臂包含11个小空气孔,纤芯设有大空气孔,包层与纤芯中间的环形区域用于传输轨道角动量模式。该结构在1300~1800 nm波段上可支持22种轨道角动量模式稳定传输,在1550 nm波长下,有效折射率差最高可达2.89×10^(-3),色散系数最低可达66.4 ps/(nm·km),非线性系数最低可达2.17 W^(-1)·km^(-1),且1500~1600 nm波段上的色散值变化均小于15.15 ps/(nm·km)。此螺旋光子晶体光纤不仅结构简单,且具有低非线性、色散平坦的性能,为螺旋光子晶体光纤的设计提供了思路。     

Profiling hot isostatically pressed canister–wasteform interaction for Pu-bearing zirconolite-rich wasteforms

Zirconolite-rich full ceramic wasteforms designed to immobilize Pu-bearing wastes were produced via hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using stainless steel (SS) and nickel (Ni) HIP canisters. A detailed profiling of the elemental compositions of the major and minor phases over the canister–wasteform interaction zone was performed using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) characterization. Bulk sample analyses from regions near the center of the HIP canister were also conducted for both samples using X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS. The sample with the Ni HIP canister showed almost no interaction zone with only minor diffusion of Ni from the inner wall of the canister into the near-surface region of the wasteform. The sample with the SS HIP canister showed ∼100–120 μm of interaction zone dominated by high-temperature Cr diffusion from canister materials to the wasteform with the Cr predominantly incorporated into the durable zirconolite phase. We also examined, for the first time, changes to the HIP canister wall thickness caused by HIPing and demonstrated that no canister wall thinning occurred. Instead, in the areas examined, the canister wall thickness was observed to increase (up to ∼20%) due to the compression occurring during the HIP cycle. Further, only sparse formation of (Cr, Mn)-rich oxide particles were noted within the HIP canister inner wall area immediately adjacent to the ceramic material, with no evidence for reverse diffusion of ceramic materials. Though the HIP canister–wasteform interaction extends to ∼120 μm when using an SS HIP canister for the system investigated, this translates to <<1 vol.% for an industrial scale HIPed wasteform. Importantly, the HIP canister–wasteform interactions did not produce any obviously less durable phases in the wasteform or had any detrimental impact on the HIP canister properties.     

A novel foam glass obtained from solid waste: A sustainable strategy for application in the degradation of an environmental pollutant

Foams glass were obtained from solid waste of flat glass and exhausted alkaline batteries. The physical, chemical, crystalline and morphological properties of the samples were obtained using the Archimedes principle, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed glass foams with apparent porosities in the range of 55–64% and apparent densities in the range of 0.40–0.79 g cm^?3. The manganese oxide and graphite contained within the cathode of alkaline batteries acted as both oxidizing agents and as foaming agents. The zinc contained in the anode acted as a pore stabilizing agent and the zinc oxide as a semiconductor material. The foam glass that was composed of flat glass with an anode of Zn and ZnO, and a cathode of Mn₂O₃ and Mn₃O₄ (named An8), showed the greatest potential for heterogeneous photocatalysis, with a maximum efficiency of 95.9% after 3 h of treatment of solution containing dye. These results suggest the feasibility of producing foam glass from waste, as well as its potential application in photocatalytic systems, such as in the low-cost treatment of water.     

超稳光纤链路的理论与实践

超稳光纤链路这个概念包含超稳频率光源和超稳频率传递的光纤链路。从当前看,如何利用已有庞大的公用电信网、专用网的光纤和光网络的资源,选择一个通用的光纤通路改造成超稳光纤链路来实现频率传递,取代基于卫星的频率传递,提高传输的频率精度,这是一个巨大的系统工程。本文对超稳频率光源和超稳频率传递的光纤链路的关键技术进行研究和讨论。     

一种用于电气设备状态监测的新式FBG传感器北大核心CSCD

为了监测绕组变压器的静态应力场和发生短路等故障时的动态应力变化,设计了一种用于电气设备状态监测的新式FBG传感器。该传感器由聚醚醚酮材料封装的FBG构成,通过内部圆锥形空腔结构实现将轴向应力集中于FBG敏感位置。通过仿真对不同压力强度下传感器结构的应力场部分及形变趋势进行了计算与分析,论证了设计的合理性。实验分别对静态载荷和动态冲击进行测试,结果显示,在静态压载测试中,当100 N相似文献   

Improvement of gaseous bioenergy production from spent coffee grounds Co-digestion with pulp wastewater by physical/chemical pretreatments

Two steps of hydrolysis and anaerobic biogas production processes was investigated in this study. In the first step, subcritical water (SBW) hydrolysis and chemical (acid/alkali) pretreatments were carried out to enhance hydrolysis efficiency by obtaining and analyzing the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total sugar productions from spent coffee grounds (SCG) hydrolysate. The subcritical water (SBW) hydrolysis under the condition of temperature 150 °C for 30 min can greatly improve the organic matter breakdown and reached the COD concentration of 1010 g/L which was 30% higher than the untreated raw SCG. For chemical pretreatments, it was found that the alkaline hydrolysis of SCG resulted in the greatest total sugar concentration of 181 g/L whereas the operation conditions were 2.0 M NaOH at 60 °C for 1 h. The peak of TVFA concentration 3725 mg/L was found at the acid hydrolysis of SCG with 1.0 M H₂SO₄ acid, 60 °C for 1 h. The optimal biomethane yield of 115 mL/g COD was obtained when 1.0 M H₂SO₄ acid hydrolysate co-digestion with pulp wastewater which increase methane yield production 8 times of raw pulp wastewater. The pretreatment process was confirmed in this study can significant improve the converting of the biowastes to bioenergy efficiency.     

饱和块状混合回填土地基的一维固结分析

用块状渣土置换软弱地基和回填低洼谷地等是处置工程渣土的有效途径。为了分析饱和块状混合回填土地基的固结性状，运用混合物理论建立了其一维固结模型。首先，假定块状土固相和充填土固相之间满足等应变条件，获得了饱和块状混合回填土中各相应变与块状土孔隙变形和充填土孔隙变形的关系式。其次，在小应变条件下，根据自由能势函数方程建立了饱和块状混合回填土的一维线弹性本构方程，再结合达西定律和应力平衡方程获得了一维固结控制方程。再次，利用分离变量法得到一维固结解析解，通过退化本文模型与已有模型进行对比，验证了本文模型的正确性。最后，基于所得解析解，分析了充填土孔隙渗透系数、块状土孔隙渗透系数以及流体交换参数等因素对饱和块状混合回填土地基固结性状的影响。分析结果表明：充填土孔隙渗透系数对饱和块状混合回填土地基整体固结性状起主导作用；在固结初期，块状土超孔压会有一定程度的上升，且3个参数具有相似的作用机理。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强中空蜂窝模压复合材料性能研究

为研制车船等壳体所用的轻质、高强复合板材,选用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维纱,制备成单层经纬为120根/(10 cm)的平纹组织,采用多组经纱持续更替交织层的方法制成2L(1+0)型、4L(2+1)型、6L(3+2)型3种多层角联锁结构织物,采用扦插芯棒、模压成型方法制成菱形蜂窝状的热固性环氧树脂基中空板,并与2块真空吸液法制成的面板组成“三合一”复合板,同时测定了复合板材的结构特征及其平拉、平压和弯曲性能。结果表明:3种类型复合板的密度均远小于水的密度,其中6L(3+2)型最小,为0.48 g/cm³;复合板层数越多,环氧树脂越难渗透尤其是在中空板菱形交叉点处,复合板平拉、平压、抗弯曲强度则呈现递增,制成的6L(3+2)型复合板试样平压强度可达到1.03 MPa。     

Numerical study of strain development in high-density polyethylene geomembrane liner system in landfills using a new constitutive model for municipal solid waste

Tensile strain development in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) liner systems in landfills was numerically investigated. A new constitutive model for municipal solid waste (MSW) that incorporates both mechanical creep and biodegradation was employed in the analyses. The MSW constitutive model is a Cam-Clay type of plasticity model and was implemented in the finite difference computer program FLAC?. The influence of the friction angle of the liner system interfaces, the biodegradation of MSW, and the MSW filling rate on tensile strains were investigated. Several design alternatives to reduce the maximum tensile strain under both short- and long-term waste settlement were evaluated. Results of the analyses indicate that landfill geometry, interface friction angles, and short- and long-term waste settlement are key factors in the development of tensile strains. The results show that long-term waste settlement can induce additional tensile strains after waste placement is complete. Using a HDPE GMB with a friction angle on its upper interface that is lower than the friction angle on the underlying interface, increasing the number of benches, and reducing the slope inclination are shown to mitigate the maximum tensile strain caused by waste placement and waste settlement.     

The kinetics of copper corrosion in nitric acid

The strategy for the permanent disposal of high-level nuclear waste in Canada involves sealing it in a copper-coated steel container and burying it in a deep geologic repository. During the early emplacement period, the container could be exposed to warm humid air, which could result in the condensation of nitric acid, produced by the radiolysis of the humid air, on the copper surface. Previous studies have suggested that both nitrate and oxygen reduction will drive copper corrosion, with the nitrate reduction kinetics being dependent on the concentration of soluble copper(I) produced by the anodic dissolution of copper in the reaction with oxygen. This study focused on determining the kinetics of nitrate and oxygen reduction and elucidating the synergistic relationship between the two processes. This was investigated using corrosion potential and polarization measurements in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen reduction was shown to be the dominant cathodic reaction with the oxidation of copper(I) to copper(II) by nitrate, promoting the catalytic cycle involving the reaction of copper(II) with copper to reproduce copper(I).