Effects of genotype and treatment on the antioxidant activity of sweet potato in Taiwan

Six genotypes of sweet potato commercially available in Taiwan, including TNG57, TNG66, TNG68, TYY1, RP and WP, were used as samples in this study of the effects of steaming and kneading with pre-steaming treatments on the antioxidant components and antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts. Steam treatment increased the total phenols contents of all genotypes (2–13 times), flavonoids content of RP (1.3 times) and anthocyanins contents of RP and WP (5–6 times). Steam treatment also increased the reducing power and scavenging DPPH radical effect of sweet potato flours. For the methanolic extracts of steamed and kneaded flours, reducing powers were 0.02–1.70 at 5.0 mg ml⁻¹ and the scavenging effects on DPPH radicals were 19–92% at 2.5 mg ml⁻¹. Both showed the order of RP > WP > TYY1 and TNG66 > TNG57 and TNG68. However, the chelating effect of the six genotypes at 1.0 mg ml⁻¹ ranged from 50% to 73%. Contents of total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins of sweet potato flours were significantly positively correlated with the reducing power and scavenging DPPH radical effects. After steaming and kneading treatments, RP showed the highest increase in the contents of total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins among the six genotypes studied.     

Phenol novolac/poly(4- hydroxyphenylmaleimide) blend hardeners for DGEBA-type epoxy resin

Phenol novolac/poly (4-hydroxyphenylmaleimide) (PHPMI) blends were used as an epoxy resin hardener. The curing behavior of the above system and the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resin were studied. It was not necessary to use a curing accelerator for this system, because PHPMI caused acceleration of the curing reaction. The curing mechanism of this system was investigated by using model compounds. Test pieces from the neat resins and the glass fiber reinforced resins were evaluated in terms of thermal and mechanical properties, respectively. It was found that heat resistance and mechanical properties were improved by increasing the amount of PHPMI in the hardener.     

Micromechanical characterisation of fibre/matrix interfaces

Theoretical analyses for the single fibre pull-out and push-out models under monotonic loading are given which are based on a shear-lag analysis in a fracture mechanics approach considering non-constant friction at the debonded interface as a result of fibre Poisson contraction (or expansion). The solutions allow the determination of typical fibre/matrix interfacial properties such as the interfacial fracture toughness, G_ic, the coefficient of friction, μ, and the residual clamping stress, q₀. Under cyclic loading the interfacial properties are expected to degrade as a result of repetitive abrasion, and a power law function is assumed between μ and the number of elapsed cycles, N. However, G_ic is assumed to be unaffected and a fracture mechanics based debond criterion is derived for the relationship between the external applied stress, the debond length and the reduced friction coefficient for both fibre pull-out and fibre push-out. In addition, the relative displacements between the free fibre end and the matrix top are obtained for cyclic fatigue when the fibre is loaded and unloaded. A relationship obtained for the protrusion (or intrusion) length in fibre pull-out (or push-out) experiments allows the severity of the interface frictional degradation to be evaluated and characterised. Similarities and differences in the frictional degradation behaviour between fibre pull-out and push-out are also identified.     

Pultruded fibre reinforced polyurethane composites II. Effect of processing parameters on mechanical and thermal properties

This paper presents a novel process for the fabrication of pultruded polyurethane (PU) composites. The effects of the processing parameters on the mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus, etc.) and thermal properties (HDT) of the fibre reinforced PU composites by pultrusion have been studied. The processing parameters investigated include pulling rate (in-line speed), die temperature, filler type and content, and post-cure time and temperature. Results show that the composites possessed various optimum pulling rates at different die temperatures. On the basis of the DSC diagram, the swelling ratio, the mechanical properties and the thermal properties of composites, the optimum die temperature can be determined. It is found that the mechanical and thermal properties increase with filler content for various types of filler. The mechanical and thermal properties increase at a suitable post-cure temperature and time. Furthermore, the properties which decreased due to the degradation of composite materials for a long post-cure time will be discussed.     

膛阻与小口径弹道炮弹道特性变化的分析

小口径弹道炮在使用初期,弹道特性值偏高,影响产品的验收和标准弹的鉴选.该文用膛阻理论解释弹道炮使用的各个时期的弹道特性变化,并介绍了“光膛”射击后,在弹道曲线下降段进行产品验收以及标准弹鉴选中的实际应用.     

As,Sb,Sn对30CrMnSiA钢力学性能的影响

在３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢中加入不同量的Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ元素，研究了这些元素单独存在及复合存在时对钢的强度，塑性，冲击韧度及韧脆转变温度的影响规律，并用扫描电镜及俄歇能谱分析了Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ导致晶界脆化的机理。     

Effect of introduction of structural defects on protective ability of polyesters

Permeability of a polymer plays an important role in conferring the protective ability of organic coating to the steel surface against atmospheric corrosion. Although the relationship between structure of polymers and their permeability has been extensively studied in various applications like membranes, packaging, etc., such detailed study is lacking in the area of coatings. The systematic study of structure–permeability relationship of polymers in clear coatings can give guidelines in selecting the binder for the required application. This article deals with the effect of introduction of structural defects into a straight chain aliphatic polyesters on the protective ability of their clear coatings against corrosion. The mild steel panels coated with clear coatings based on the polyesters were exposed to humidity in humidity chamber. A novel technique of detecting the onset of corrosion was used instead of conventional methods that detect the failure of the coating due to corrosion. It was observed that even at 1–10% mole defect introduced by replacement of straight chain diols with branched diols, the protective ability of clear coatings was affected drastically.     

复合泡沫塑料的性能改进研究

为改善复合泡沫塑料的介电性能,采用金属氧化物粒子填充改性双马来酰亚胺空芯玻璃微球复合泡沫塑料得到了高介电常数、低介质损耗因数、低密度、力学性能良好的电介质材料。     

粉尘含碳球团还原方式及气氛对其还原挥发性能的影响

在1150℃和1250℃、0．1L／min和10L／min的气量下，对通人含不同CO2量的氮气影响粉尘含碳球团还原速度的实验研究表明：以滚动方式所造球团中，氧化物的还原完全以间接还原的方式进行，气氛中非还原气体流速（或流量）的增加对粉尘含碳球团氧化铁还原速度有显著的降低作用，但还原温度提高则对气量增加造成的氧化铁还原速度降低有显著的抵消作用．气氛对球团中锌的挥发速度影响很小，对铅的挥发速度几乎不产生影响．     

Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.