低温等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

高压放电能够产生低温等离子体,可引起多种物理和化学效应。该技术处理废水具有高能电子、紫外光、O₃等多因素的综合作用,是集光、电、化学等多种氧化于一体的新型水处理技术,具有良好的发展前景。本文介绍了低温等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的作用过程及其机理,综述了脉冲电晕放电、介质阻挡放电、辉光放电和滑动弧放电等离子体处理有机废水的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,探讨了这些技术在废水处理中目前存在的处理对象单一、处理工艺成本高等主要问题,并指出今后要重点优化处理工艺,降低处理成本和能耗,着眼于产业应用,使这项新兴技术尽早应用到实际的工业废水处理中。     

Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment on Pentachlorophenol Removal of Granular Activated Carbon

The pentachlorophenol(PCP)adsorbed granular activated carbon(GAC)was treated by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma.The effects of DBD plasma on the structure of GAC and PCP decomposition were analyzed by N_2 adsorption,thermogravimetric,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS).The experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of PCP on GAC were fitted with different kinetics and isotherm models,respectively.The results indicate that the types of N_2 adsorption isotherm of GAC are not changed by DBD plasma,while the specific surface area and pore volume increase after DBD plasma treatment.It is found that the weight loss of the saturated GAC is the highest,on the contrary,the weight loss of DBD treated GAC is the least because of reduced PCP residue on the GAC.The XPS spectra and SEM image suggest that some PCP on the GAC is removed by DBD plasma,and the surface of GAC treated by DBD plasma presents irregular and heterogeneous morphology.The GC-MS identification of by-products shows that two main dechlorination intermediate products,tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol,are distinguished.The fitting results of experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order models can be used for the prediction of the kinetics of virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC for PCP adsorption,and the Langmuir isotherm model fits better with the data of adsorption isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm in the adsorption of PCP on virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC.     

Review on reactive species in water treatment using electrical discharge plasma: formation,measurement, mechanisms and mass transfer

In the electrical discharge plasma process, various chemical and physical processes can participate in the removal of contaminants. In this paper, the chemical and physical processes that occur as a result of the electrical discharge plasma are reviewed, and their possible roles in the degradation of contaminants are discussed. Measurement methods for the quantification of important reactive species and their advantages and shortcomings are presented. Approaches on how to enhance the diffusion of the reactive species in solution are examined. In addition, the formation of typical reactive species in different electrical discharge plasma is compared.     

筛网-平板介质阻挡放电的特性及影响因素的研究

通过电压-电流波形图和电压-电压李萨(Lissajous)如图形的测量,研究了空气中筛网-平板电极介质阻挡放电(DBD)的特性.实验考察了阻挡介质材料的种类、厚度以及放电气隙间距对筛网-平板电极DBD功率的影响,比较了筛网-平板、平板-平板和多针-平板3种不同电极结构DBD反应器的放电特性.结果表明:在相同的外加电压条...     

脉冲电晕放电等离子体耦合土壤颗粒去除废水中盐酸四环素

为了提高脉冲电晕放电等离子体(pulsed corona discharge plasma,PCDP)的能量利用效率,发挥土壤颗粒(soil particles,SP)的吸附性能,通过实验研究了PCDP放电、SP吸附以及PCDP-SP耦合3种体系中盐酸四环素(tetracycline·HCl,TC)的去除效果及能量利用效率;考察了TC初始浓度、SP粒径、SP质量和脉冲峰值电压对PCDP-SP耦合体系去除废水中TC的影响;分析了H_2O_2、O_3和·OH等活性物质在体系中的作用。结果表明:PCDP-SP耦合体系可有效去除废水中的TC,处理明显优于SP吸附和PCDP放电体系分别单独处理的效果;加入SP后可大大提高PCDP-SP耦合体系处理TC的能量利用效率;随着TC初始浓度的降低、SP粒径的减小和脉冲峰值的电压升高,TC去除率增加;SP质量对TC的处理有显著影响,但当SP添加量增加到一定值后,TC的去除率变化不大;H_2O_2、O_3和·OH是PCDP-SP耦合体系中的主要活性物种,TC经过这些活性物种作用后被降解为CO_2、H_2O等小分子物质。     

Comparison Between Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma and Ozone Regenerations of Activated Carbon Exhausted with Pentachlorophenol

In this study, two regeneration methods （dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma and ozone （03） regeneration） of saturated granular activated carbon （GAC） with pentachlorophe- nol （PCP） were compared. The results show that the two regeneration methods can eliminate contaminants from GAC and recover its adsorption properties to some extent. Comparing the DBD plasma with 03 regeneration, the adsorption rate and the capacity of the GAC samples after DBD plasma regeneration are greater than those after 03 regeneration. 03 regeneration decreases the specific surface area of GAC and increases the acidic surface oxygen groups on the surface of GAC, which causes a decrease in PCP on GAC uptake. With increasing regeneration cy- cles, the regeneration efficiencies of the two methods decrease, but the decrease in the regeneration efficiencies of GAC after 03 regeneration is very obvious compared with that after DBD plasma regeneration. Furthermore, the equilibrium data were fitted by the Freundlich and Langmuir models using the non-linear regression technique, and all the adsorption equilibrium isotherms fit the Langmuir model fairly well, which demonstrates that the DBD plasma and ozone regeneration processes do not appear to modify the adsorption process, but to shift the equilibrium towards lower adsorption concentrations. Analyses of the weight loss of GAC show that 03 regeneration has a lower weight loss than DBD plasma regeneration.     

脉冲电晕放电等离子体-活性炭协同去除废水中重金属离子和有机物

为了同时去除废水中的重金属离子和有机污染物,以镉离子(Cd2+)和酸性橙7(AO7)为目标污染物,研究比较了活性炭(AC)、脉冲电晕放电等离子体(PCDP)以及PCDP结合AC(PCDP-AC)3种体系对废水中Cd2+和AO7的去除效果。考察了脉冲放电电压、载气种类、溶液初始pH值和电导率对Cd2+和AO7去除的影响。结果表明:PCDP-AC体系可以同时有效地去除废水中的Cd2+和AO7,且去除效果明显好于AC和PCDP单独处理;增加脉冲放电电压,可以提高Cd2+和AO7去除率;氧气作为载气的去除效果高于空气或氮气作为载气的去除效果;酸性条件下AO7的去除率好于碱性条件,而Cd2+的去除率在碱性条件下好于酸性条件;增加溶液初始电导率,会导致Cd2+和AO7去除率下降。