化工冶金学家陈家镛

1958年中国科学院化工冶金研究所(现过程工程研究所)的创建,与建国初期的国家经济发展和国防建设的需求紧密相关。1956年陈家镛受到世界著名冶金学家叶渚沛的邀请,到正在筹建中的化工冶金研究所工作。作为国内该领域开拓者和学术带头人,陈家镛院士的学术经历是本文主线。以他带领同事们开展湿法冶金研究为案例,分析了国家重大战略需求与科学技术研究之间的关系。重点介绍了他在冶金、化工、材料等研究领域做出的重要学术贡献,以及将代表性科研成果经过中间试验应用于实际生产、解决企业所面临的技术难题的情况。藉此反映了以过程工程研究所为代表的国立科研机构,围绕国家重大战略需求开展科技攻坚的历程与成果。     

多相搅拌槽内宏观混合研究进展

多相搅拌槽反应器广泛应用于化工、冶金等过程工业中,而多相混合状态对于多相搅拌槽反应器的设计、优化和放大具有重要意义.混合时间是表征其宏观混合过程的一个重要参数.文中从实验和数值模拟二方面对多相搅拌槽反应器的液相混合时间研究进行综述,对气液、液固、液液、气液固4种体系的多相搅拌槽进行了分类总结,讨论了分散相、桨型、转速、...     

粗糙固体平面上液滴的接触角滞后的简单流体静力学模型

The phenomenon of hysteresis of contact angle is an important topic subject to a long time of argument.A simple hydrostatic model of sessile drops under the gravity in combination with an ideal surface roughness model is used to interpret the process of drop volume increase or decrease of a planar sessile drop and to shed light on the contact angle hysteresis and its relationship with the solid surface roughness. With this model, the advancing and receding contact angles are conceptually explained in terms of equilibrium contact angle and surface roughness only,without invoking the thermodynamic multiplicity. The model is found to be qualitatively consistent to experimental observations on contact angle hysteresis and it suggests a possible way to approach the hysteresis of three-dimensional sessile drops.     

表面活性剂溶液中单液滴的非稳态运动

A numerical investigation of the unsteady motion of a deformed drop released freely in another quiescent liquid contaminated by surfactant is presented in this paper. The finite difference method was used to solve numerically the coupled time-dependent Navier-Stokes and convective-diffusion equations in a body-fitted orthogonal coordinate system. Numerical simulation was conducted on the experimental cases, in which MIBK drops with the size ranging from 1.24 mm to 1.97 mm rose and accelerated freely in pure water and in dilute sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) aqueous solution. The applicability of the numerical scheme was validated by the agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data. Both the numerical and experimental results showed that the velocitytime profile exhibited a maximum rising velocity for drops in SDS solutions, which was close to the terminal velocity in pure water, before it dropped down to a steady-state value. The effect of the sorption kinetics of surfactant on the accelerating motion was also evaluated. It is also suggested that introduction of virtual mass force into the formulation improved obviously the precision of numerical simulation of transient drop motion.     

搅拌反应器中液相混合时间研究进展

搅拌反应器是一种在化工、医药、能源和废水处理等领域应用比较广泛的设备.其中混合时间是表征搅拌反应器内物料混合状况的一个重要参数.本丈从实验测量方法和数值模拟两个方面综述了近50年来对混合时间的研究,并展望了未来混合时间测量方法和数值计算的发展方向.     

镜像流体法模拟单颗粒沉降和绕凸起物流动

提出一种新的计算流体力学方法,即镜像流体法,通过指定固体区域内的流场参数,使相界面边界条件隐含满足,使得固液两相运动可以在固定的欧拉坐标系中求解。采用SIMPLE算法和控制容积法离散控制微分方程组。利用镜像流体方法数值模拟了单个球形颗粒的自由沉降过程,以及幂律流体、Carreau-Bird流体和粘弹性的Oldroyd-B流体绕半圆环形、三角形和梯形凸起物的二维圆管流动问题,模拟结果与报道的实验数据及计算结果很接近,初步验证了本算法的可靠性。     

Numerical Study of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Stirred Tanks with Rushton Impeller (Ⅰ) Formulation and Simulation of Flow Field

Three-dimensional solid-liquid flow is mathematically formulated by means of the "two-fluid" approach and the two-phase k-ε-Ap turbulence model. The turbulent fluctuation correlations appearing in the Reynolds time averaged governing equations are fully incorporated. The solid-liquid flow field and solid concentration distribution in baffled stirred tanks with a standard Rushton impeller are numerically simulated using an improved "inner-outer" iterative procedure. The flow pattern is identified via the velocity vector plots and a recirculation loop with higher solid concentration is observed in the central vicinity beneath the impeller. Comparison of     

NONUNIFORMITY OF TWO PHASE FLOW IN CAPILLARY SYSTEMS

Gas-liquid flow in simple systems consisting of capillaries is analyzed by theory of irreversible thermodynamics so as to shed light on induction of nonuniformity of multiphase flow. By the Prigogine's theorem of minimum entropy production, stability of uniform two-phase flow and possible transition to nonuniform distribution are discussed. The analysis of model systems suggests potential application of irreversible thermodynamics to research of multiphase hydrodynamics in chemical reactors.     

IMPROVED HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL OF TWO-PHASE SLUG FLOW IN VERTICAL TUBES

Merits of the Fernandes model(Fernandes et al.1983)for two-phase slug flow in verticaltubes are reviewed in this paper.While predicting many macroscopic parameters of slug flow in verti-cal tubes,it fails to present correctly the trend that the average voidage in liquid slugs increases asthe rising velocity of Taylor bubbles is increased.It is also desirable to extend its application toelectrolyte systems, and to churn flow conditions.Based on the diagnostic analysis,the model equa-tion for gas entrainment by falling liquid film is reformulated and the influence of surface tension isalso accounted for.Development of the falling liquid film is recognized in the revised model in or-der to suit the case of short Taylor bubbles as well.The modified model predicts the variation of av-erage voidage in liquid slugs in good agreement with available experimental data.     

大长径比细长颗粒的沉降实验和曳力系数的关联

引　言对球状颗粒的研究已取得丰硕的成果[1] ,但对其他形状颗粒的研究则较少 ,特别是细长颗粒 .形状的特殊性使细长颗粒的曳力系数与球状颗粒明显不同 ,仅有的文献[2～ 4] 将研究重点放在静止液体中颗粒沉降时的取向和终端沉降速度 ,且一般采用球形度表示曳力系数 ,颗粒长径比