21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会召开

“21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”于2001年3月20日在广西壮族自治区北海市开幕.在为期两天的研讨会上，有来自全国各地的近170位水行业的代表讨论和交流了中外水权和水价问题. 开幕式由主办方代表刘思政主持，广西壮族自治区水利厅副厅长陈中宁首先发表讲话，他代表广西对代表的到来表示欢迎，随后他向代表们介绍了广西的水价以及在水市场方面的情况.他说，此次研讨会的召开对广西水市场工作有指导意义. 参加会议的领导还有：中国水利经济研究会理事长陈美章、水利部经调司领导魏炳才、太湖流域管理局副局长叶寿仁、江苏省水利厅副厅长徐俊仁、湖南省水利厅副厅长皮颂妥、珠江水利经济研究会常务副理事长李志远. “21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”引起了各新闻媒体的关注，水信息网、中国水利报、水利水电技术杂志、三联生活周刊、中国环境报等都派驻记者进行报道. (摘自“中国水利科技网”2001年3月20日)     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

SECANT-FUZZY LINEAR REGRESSION METHOD FOR HARMONIC COMPONENTS ESTIMATION IN A POWER SYSTEM

In order to avoid unnecessary damage of electrical equipments and installations,high quality power should be delivered to the end user and strict control on frequency should be made, Therefore, it is important to estimate the power system's harmonic components with higher accuracy. This paper presents a new approach for estimating harmonic component in a power system using secant - fuzzy linear regression method. In this approach the non - sinusoidal voltage or current waveform is written as I linear function. The coefficient of this function is assumed to be fuzzy number with a membership function that has center and spread value. The time dependent quantity is written as Taylor series with two different time dependent quantities. The objective is to use the sample obtained from the transmission line to find the power system harmonic components and frequencies. We used an experimental voltage signal from a sub power station as a numerical test.     

Establishing a System for Food Recalls to Protect Food Quality and Safety in China

There are no explicit laws concerning food recalls in China; moreover, some related regulations have weaknesses. China should first create a system of laws and regulations governing food recalls, establish a system to recall defective food, and strengthen administrative and legal remedial mechanisms related to consumer rights.     

Synthesis of the Silver Nanofluid by ASNSS Process

Arc Spray Nanoparticle Synthesis System (ASNSS) has been used to prepare the silver nanofluids in this study. The metal electrodes under the electrical discharge will melt and evaporate rapidly and condense to form the nanoparticles in the dielectric fluid at lower temperature and produce the suspended nanoparticle fluid. Thus, the mechanism of the ASNSS process is superheating the electrodes by plasma to form metallic nuclei and supercooling these nuclei by dielectric liquid to produce nanofluid. This study considers the different controlling parameters such as discharge current,discharge voltage, pulse-duration time, electrode diameter, and the temperature of dielectric liquid. The optimally operated parameters can be obtained to produce the finer particle size in nanofluid. The results indicate the silver electrodes in alcohol fluid will produce the spherical nanosilver particles. The mean particle size of silver in different dielectric liquid temperatures of-40, -20, 0, and 10℃ is about13.4, 15.8, 17.5, and 21.6 nm, respectively. This indicates that the well suspended fluid can be obtained by controlling the lower dielectric fluid temperature.     

信息荟萃

本刊 2 0 0 0年度编委会年会召开　　本刊讯　 2 0 0 0年 1 2月 2 7日 ,本刊 2 0 0 0年度编委会年会在长沙召开。中国工程院院士、国防科技大学计算机学院院长、《计算机工程与科学》杂志社社长卢锡城教授 ,国防科技大学计算机学院副院长、副社长兼编委会副主任王志英教授 ,在长的部分顾问和编委会委员以及编辑部全体工作人员出席了年会。会议由王志英副社长主持。会议听取了陈怀义主编代表编辑部所作的《计算机工程与科学》杂志编辑部 2 0 0 0年工作汇报。他说 ,今年是《计算机工程与科学》杂志变更为双月刊后试运行的第二年 ,是改为大 1 6…     

“广茂达杯”中国第一届机器人灭火比赛通知（CRFG，2000）

主办单位：中国2000年机器人大会 承办单位：中国人工智能学会智能机器人学会 协办单位：中南工业大学、上海广茂达电子信息有限公司、《机器人技术与应用》编辑部及湖南电视台 一．比赛目的与意义 机器人走进家庭为人服务是人类的梦想,机器人学家二十年前曾认为要到来,但由于机器人技术的极其复杂性,这一时刻仍未来临,但现在可以清晰地预见：家用机器人将是下一次IT产业的革命,机器人比赛的目的是促进技术的发展和人才的培养。美国三一学院的Jake。门德尔森创立了这一比赛,目前已成为美国规模最大的、最大众化的机器人比赛,组织家用机器人灭火比赛的目的是： 1.开发有实际用途的家用机器人。 2.面对实际的问题和需求,将刺激机器人新技术的发展。 3.使政府、商界和公众能看到家用机器人的实际应用和前景,促使他们鼓励支持机器人产业。 4.鼓励年轻学生投身机器人技术。没有比参加机器人比赛更能吸引他们,没有比亲手制作机器人更能从机械、电子、硬件、软件、人工智能和工程组织等方面获得极好锻炼。另一方面,通过参加比赛,他们将学会战胜失败,为工程作出长期计划和组织。 5.灭与火每个人都休戚相关,家用机器人灭火比赛是一项能动手、有观赏性、有活力和悬念的活动,是一项为各行所能理解并能吸引专家的比赛,是初中生、高中生、大学生、研究生、专业机器人专家均可参加的比赛,机器人的制作成本可以从1000元至几十万元,非常便于普及和获得大众的喜爱。     

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Discrete Nonlinear Systems

Sliding mode control is introduced into classical model free fuzzy logic control for discrete time nonlinear systems with uncertainty to the design of a novel fuzzy sliding mode control to meet the requirement of necessary and sufficient reaching conditions of sliding mode control. The simulation results show that the proposed controller outperforms the original fuzzy sliding mode controller and the classical fuzzy logic controller in stability, convergence and robustness.